Chapter 1 – Nation & Identity Are nation and identity related? Related Issue 1 Should nation be the foundation of identity?

The Big Picture – Page 15 Read this section. After you finish reading, briefly answer the following questions: In what ways is a national identity similar to and individual identity? What are some of the factors that influence national identity? We will discuss as a class.

National vs. Individual Identity With a partner, discuss responses to the following questions: What does the photograph tell us about Canada’s national identity? What does it tell us about the fans’ individual identity?

National vs. Individual Identity

Vocabulary Explore – to inquire and investigate thoroughly Analyze – to break down into parts and examine in detail, the examine critically, and to indicate which elements are essential Evaluate - to assess or appraise Explain - to present a position that is well expressed, well supported and persuasive

Canada Day Celebration Keenan and his brother, Matt, wear their finest Canadian apparel for the 2007 Canada Day parade in Montreal. Many Canadians feels a source of pride in their country. Some express their pride openly, while others simply enjoy a sense of belonging. Have you participated in Canada Day celebrations? Did you dress up? Are people who dress up more patriotic than those who don’t?

Nation Nation Latin meaning “people” or “race” People who feel a sense of belonging together They want to control their own destiny A nation may not have official borders or government EX:

Country Country The world has over 190 official countries A country is a geographic area with specific borders The borders and government of a country are recognized by other countries EX:

Canada Is Canada mainly a country or mainly a nation? Does it matter if Canada is defined as a nation or country? How might a person’s idea of nation affect his or her identity?

Battle at Vimy Ridge Historica Minute Before this battle, Canadian army divisions had always fought separately. This was the first time they fought as a single unit. They were successful and captured a vital military position that the armies of Britain and France couldn’t. Created a sense of Nationalism.

Battle of Vimy Ridge This article by Michael Valpy explores how the victory at Vimy Ridge became part of our national identity – and questions whether this is a myth. Many call this Canada’s “creation story.” Do you agree? Are there any other possible stories?

Other Important Terms Nation-State International Nationalism Means “country” International Between countries or nation-states Nationalism Striving for a country

What makes a nation? Johann Gottlieb Fichte Benedict Anderson Shared identity; people who share the same ancestors, culture & language Benedict Anderson A community that is imagined

What makes a nation? cont… Ernest Renan Nation begins with shared roots, but you also need the peoples’ soul Clement Chartier Métis nation has its own identity, language, culture, way of life and self-government

Nationalism Notebook Explorations, Pg. 22 Complete Questions 1 & 2 on the sheet provided and put in your NN. Be sure to write the date of the entry. Which idea most closely matched with your thinking about nation? Explain. Which idea most closely matches your understanding of Canada? Explain.

Collective Identity Using terms like “we”, “us” and “our” shows that we are thinking collectively Although it is good to think in terms of a collective identity, it may also cause “us” to think of other groups as “them”

Patriotism Patriotism Q: Would you die for your country? Love of country or nation May spark extreme nationalism or heroism Q: Would you die for your country?

Wordle Recall…Reflect…Respond (Pg. 24) Question 1 Brainstorm a list of words and phrases that describe nation.

What does Canada mean to you? Brainstorm ideas individually, then share them as a group. Rate ideas individually on a scale of 1 to 5 1 = this idea matched my idea of Canada 5 = this idea does not match my idea

Understandings of Nation Language English is first language for 480 million people In Quebec, French is first for 80% November 2006 – the Canadian government recognized Quebecois as a nation (the people not the province) Q: Why is this important?

Understandings of Nation cont… Ethnicity Racial, cultural, national or linguistic characteristics Culture The way of life that people share First Nations may have distinct cultures, which help form their identity as a nation

Understandings of Nation cont… Religion EXAMPLE Israel is the embodiment of Jewish continuity; the only nation on Earth that inhabits the same land, bears the same name, speaks the same language and worships the same God as it did 3000 years ago

Understandings of Nation cont… Geography Mountains, oceans & deserts are physical barriers that isolate people, causing them to develop their own ways Relationship to Land Different areas provide different resources which influence the way people live Q: What examples can you think of from Canada’s provinces?

Understandings of Nation cont… Spirituality May feel a spiritual connection to land because it may be: “home” where you ancestors are from where something important may have happened Q: Can you think of a place that you feel this sort of connection to?

Understandings of Nation cont… Politics Sovereignty The political authority to control their own affairs (as in a country or group) Also called self-determination The power to make your own decisions

Nationalism Notebook Explorations, Pg. 29 Complete Questions 1 & 2 on the sheet provided and put in your NN Draw a picture next to each “Understandings of Nation” to help you remember them well. Be sure to write the date of the entry.

Statement “In the psychological sense, there is no Canadian nation…There is a legal and geographical entity, but the nation does not exist. For there are no objects that all Canadians share as objects of national feelings.

Statement What does this statement mean? What is meant by psychological sense? Entity? National feeling? Do you agree with this statement? Can you name some “objects of national feeling” in Canada? Does it matter if there are objects of “national” feeling? Why or why not? Could a lack of these objects be defined as Canadian? Could this lack reflect Canada’s diversity?

What is a civic nation? Civic means “related to citizens” Based on shared values and beliefs Differences in language, ethnicity, culture and religion do not matter Q: Do you believe Canada is a civic nation? Why or why not?

What is a civic nation? cont… A civic nation has: Free and fair elections A government that reflects the will of the people Active Citizenship Freedom and Peaceful Assembly Freedom of the press Equal opportunity for all; the same rights and responsibilities for all citizens

Canada as a Civic Nation Look at the images on Pages 30-31 Examine the photos and we will read the captions aloud as a class. Discuss the following questions: What values and beliefs do these photographs express? Do any make you question the idea of Canada as a civic nation?

Canada as a Civic Nation Discuss the following questions: What photograph would you add to show another aspect of a civic nation? Why? Can the idea of a civic nation ever become a reality? How – or why not?

Freedoms Constitution Fundamental Freedoms Legal document that lays out the basic rules the society is built upon Canada’s is the Charter of Rights & Freedoms Fundamental Freedoms a) conscience and religion b) thought, belief, opinion and expression, including freedom of the press and media c) peaceful assembly d) association

Fundamental Freedoms Can you think of an example for the following freedoms? a) conscience and religion EX: b) thought, belief, opinion and expression, including freedom of the press and media

Fundamental Freedoms Can you think of an example for the following freedoms? c) peaceful assembly EX: d) association

Civic vs. Ethnic Nationalism Civic Nationalism Sense of nation emerges only after a nation-state has been created Ethnic Nationalism Sense of nation based on shared ethnicity, language and culture

Making a Difference Page 34 Read as a class. Discuss questions as a class.

Nationalism Notebook Think…Participate…Research…Communicate Pg. 38 Question 1 (a & b) Complete Questions 1 & 2 on the sheet provided and put in your NN. Be sure to write the date of the entry.