Short Story Unit: Inquiry Questions Let’s review….
1. What is a short story? A work of fiction, written in narrative prose. “Short” because they are designed to be read in one sitting; unlike a novella or novel which require more time to read. Focuses on one main conflict – if it has a sub conflict (or sub plot) it is developed to help drive the main conflict. Uses many literary techniques (similar to those of the novel): metaphor, irony, symbols, characterization, point of view, tone.
Characteristics of Short Stories Short stories contain the traditional elements of dramatic structure: Exposition (the introduction of setting, situation and main characters) Complication (the event that introduces the conflict) Rising action (the events that lead up to the crisis, and ultimately, the climax) Crisis (the decisive moment for the protagonist and his commitment to a course of action) Climax (the point of highest interest in terms of the conflict and the point with the most action) Resolution/Denouement (the point when the conflict is resolved) Endings of many short stories are abrupt and open, and may or may not have a moral or practical lesson. As with any art form, the exact characteristics of a short story will vary by author. Short stories tend to be less complex than novels. Usually a short story focuses on one incident; has a single plot, a single setting, and a small number of characters; covering a short period of time.
2. What can we do to make our own short stories powerful? Create realistic, meaningful characters. Know your character inside and out, and use that intimate knowledge to help build your story. Have a conflict that others can relate to. Write a story about an issue that interests you. Build your plot around your main character coming to terms with, and then addressing, that issue. Use literary techniques and language that would appeal to a wide audience. Write dialogue that shows your character’s actions, and reveals their thoughts and feelings. Use minor characters with purpose. If they don’t serve a purpose relating to the plot; don’t use them. Detail is important, but only if it relates directly to your plot and characters. Be open to suggestion from peers and sincere in your revisions. Be prepared to write more than one version of your story.
3. Why do people write and read short stories? Originally fables and parables were used to teach children and the illiterate important moral messages. In the Oral Tradition, stories were used to transmit information about one’s culture between generations. Modern short stories serve as a critique on social and cultural issues and to help us understand the “human condition” – in other words, why people do what they do in their quest to find fulfillment in life. Modern short stories are written to try and address problems that everyday people face. Sometimes they critique traditions, patterns and habits that society has that are ethically or morally questionable. The reason we read them in school is to help us gain a better understanding of modern society, what the “issues” might be with our society, and therefore, what our role in society is.
4. What distinguishes a powerful short story from a mediocre one? Powerful stories have the following: Great characters – ones that could be real to you and me A meaningful conflict or issue that is relevant to people today A critique of how people have addressed or not addressed that particular issue A story that makes you think about it while your reading it, and leaves you with questions or insights after you’re done reading it.