7D57 Copycat Types of Reproduction

Background You are not an exact copy of your two parents. There are many animals like us that also do not make exact copies of themselves. However some organisms do copy themselves.

Asexual Reproduction Some organisms reproduce by making copies of themselves. Only 1 parent is needed. It may not be a perfect copy but it is very close. Bacteria and other microorganisms reproduce asexually. This means they simply divide in 2. Each new organism produced (offspring) is identical to the parent cell.

Clones The two identical offspring are both called Clones of the original single parent organism. A clone inherits all of its traits from 1 parent. This process can repeat many times creating lots of identical clones of that one parent cell. Each clone is identical except in rare cases where a random change occurs (mutation). This causes offspring to have different traits.

Budding Some multicell organisms reproduce asexually Budding is the process where a small new organism grows out from the parent’s body. One budding organism is the Hydra.

Runners Strawberry plants reproduce asexually by tiny new plants growing off of a rootlike runner. Each little plant can separate and become a new individual identical to its parent. Organisms produced by asexual reproduction are considered clones since they inherit all traits from one parent.

Sexual Reproduction Most animals and plants reproduce sexually. They inherit traits from two parents, not one. You are not a perfect copy of either of your parents, but you are also not a perfect blend of your parents’ traits either. What determines which traits you get from each of your parents?

Fertilization Sexual reproduction: when a tiny male sperm cell unites with an egg cell from a female. The union of the sperm and the egg is called fertilization. The new zygote cell has genes from both egg and sperm. Since genes help determine traits, individuals have traits inherited from both parents.

Being Unique No two sperm or egg cells have exactly the same information, so no two offspring made by the same parents are identical. Unique genes means unique traits. An exception is identical twins that form when one fertilized egg splits before beginning to grow and develop. The two identical eggs then become two genetically identical offspring.

Twins Identical and Fraternal

Chromosome Pairs, xy=male

Compare/Contrast Reproduction ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION SEXUAL REPRODUCTION One parent Two parents Offspring are identical to parent Offspring inherit traits from both parents Clones Not identical offspring Often microorganisms or small organisms Usually larger plants and animals DRAW and COLOR 2 EXAMPLES LIKE: BACTERIA AND A STRAWBERRY PLANT DRAW and COLOR 2 EXAMPLES LIKE A: TREE AND LION COMPARE AND CONTRAST BOTH ASEXUAL OR MORE PARAGRAPHS AND SEXUAL REPRODUCTION USING ONE

Cloning Animals like sheep & dogs can now be cloned. The nucleus (with genes) is removed from the body cell of sheep A and placed into an egg cell (with its nucleus removed) from sheep B. This fertilized egg is implanted into sheep B and develops into a baby sheep C that is genetically identical to the first sheep A. So sheep C is a clone of the first sheep A.

Cloning Process

7D57 Copycat Analysis: paragraphs Classify whether Sexual or Asexual. Explain. Orange cat + black cat = multicolor cat Red flower cut, put in water, grows to red flower A male fish releases sperm cells into the water and one unites with an egg to form a new fish. Small worm splits in half, and each grows fully. A sheep is cloned. If you could clone yourself, would you do it?