Digestive System Azami PHD

Digestive System Anatomy Digestive tract Alimentary tract or canal GI tract Accessory organs Primarily glands Regions Mouth or oral cavity Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Anus

Oral Cavity Mouth or oral cavity Lips (labia) and cheeks Vestibule: Space between lips or cheeks and alveolar processes Oral cavity proper Lips (labia) and cheeks

swallowing

Pharynx and Esophagus

Peritoneum Peritoneum Visceral: Covers organs Parietal: Covers interior surface of body wall Retroperitoneal: Behind peritoneum as kidneys, pancreas, duodenum

Mesenteries Mesenteries Routes which vessels and nerves pass from body wall to organs

This duodenojejunal flexure is surrounded by a fold of peritoneum containing muscle fibers called the suspensory muscle (ligament) of duodenum (ligament of Treitz).

Stomach Anatomy Openings Regions Gastroesophageal: To esophagus Pyloric: To duodenum Regions Cardiac Fundus Body Pyloric

Small Intestine Site of greatest amount of digestion and absorption Divisions Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

Jejunum & ileum

Pancreas Anatomy Endocrine Exocrine Regions: Head, body, tail Pancreatic islets produce insulin and glucagon Exocrine Acini produce digestive enzymes Regions: Head, body, tail

the superior part (first part) extends from the pyloric orifice of the stomach to the neck of the gallbladder, is just to the right of the body of vertebra LI, and passes anteriorly to the bile duct, gastroduodenal artery, portal vein, and inferior vena cava-clinically, the beginning of this part of the duodenum is referred to as the ampulla or duodenal cap, and most duodenal ulcers occur in this part of the duodenum; the descending part (second part) of the duodenum is just to the right of midline and extends from the neck of the gallbladder to the lower border of vertebra LIII-its anterior surface is crossed by the transverse colon, posterior to it is the right kidney, and medial to it is the head of the pancreas-this part of the duodenum contains the major duodenal papilla, which is the common entrance for the bile and pancreatic ducts, and the minor duodenal papilla, which is the entrance for the accessory pancreatic duct, and the junction of the foregut and the midgut just below the major duodenal papilla; the inferior part (third part) of the duodenum is the longest section, crossing the inferior vena cava, the aorta, and the vertebral column (Figs. 4.61B and 4.62)-it is crossed anteriorly by the superior mesenteric artery and vein; the ascending part (fourth part) of the duodenum passes upward on, or to the left of, the aorta to approximately the upper border of vertebra LII and terminates at the duodenojejunal flexure

Pancreas

Large Intestine The surface projection of the base of the appendix is at the junction of the lateral and middle one-thirds of a line from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus (McBurney's point). People with appendicular problems may describe pain near this location