The effects of eugenol as an anesthetic for an insect: Drosophila, adults, larval heart rate and synaptic transmission.

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The effects of eugenol as an anesthetic for an insect: Drosophila, adults, larval heart rate and synaptic transmission

Anesthesia Carbon dioxide Cold FlyNap Alterations in behaviour up to one week (Bartholomew et al., 2015) Drop in blood and cellular pH → cellular consequences Cold tissue damage delayed copulation of adult flies after exposure (Barron, 2000) FlyNap Increases HR Alters immune response (Chen and Hillyer, 2013)

Eugenol 2-methoxy-4-prop-2-enylphenol Active compound of clove oil (essential oil, ~80%) Dental anaesthetic (FLEMICANE) Perfume Commonly used anaesthetic in fish

Eugenol-possible mechanisms Blocking neural function by Blocking TTX-sensitive voltage-gated Na+-channels

Material and Methods wildtype Canton S (CS) Drosophila melanogaster Experiments with adult flies Larvae experiments

Eugenol exposure of adult flies

Behavioural assays Climbing assay Vortex test righting assay

Eugenol exposure of larva

Behavioural assays Mouth hooks (MHM) Body wall contraction (BWC)

Electrophysiological experiments Heart rate (HR) Dasari, S. and Cooper, R.L. (2006) Journal of Comparative Physiology B 176: 349–357.

Electrophysiological recordings

Electrophysiological recordings Stimulation frequency: 0.5 Hz

Results

Eugenol exposure adults N = 10-12 per vial

Behavioral assay Climbing assay Vortex test righting assay

Larva behavioural assay N = 10 per group * P ≤ 0.05 ** p ≤ 0.001

Larval HR N = 6 * p ≤ 0.05

Electrophysiologcal recordings

Take home message Anesthetizes the fly Block of evoked transmission Reversible effects Block of evoked transmission No block of glutamate receptors Reduction of heart rate Inhibition of sensory reception

Parallel projects + Opener muscle + Mucle receptor organ (MRO) + PD organ