Do Now: HW#46 Quiz

QUESTIONS: Who made the film? According to the video, what is the ‘new danger’ that exists in America? Based on the video, what do you have to do in case of an atomic bomb explosion?

By 1949 both the U. S. and the USSR had nuclear weapons By 1949 both the U.S. and the USSR had nuclear weapons. An ‘Arms Race’ had begun. In 1961, the Soviet Union, however, created the largest bomb in history, the ‘Tsar Bomb’. http://nuclearsecrecy.com/nukemap/

Duck and Cover Drills

The Bomb Shelter Craze

A shelter that this family like many other families in the 1950s constructed to protect themselves in case of an atomic bomb attack by the Soviet Union

Directions: 􏰀You will participate in an activity in which you will form groups based on your secret identities. 􏰀You will each receive a piece of paper 􏰁Some are blank. 􏰁Some have a dot drawn on them. 􏰁There are fewer dots than non-dots. 􏰀When you receive your piece of paper you must secretly look at it. If you receive a dot you must not reveal it to anyone. 􏰁When you are done looking hide it or put it in your pocket

Goal of Activity: 􏰀The goal of the activity is to form as large of a group of “non-dot” members as possible 􏰀Points: 􏰁The largest group of “non-dot” students will win points 􏰁The whole group will lose if there is one “dot” member in your group 􏰁“Dot” members will win points for being the only dot in a group

Advice: 􏰀Since everyone in the class will deny having a dot you must look for any indication of suspicion 􏰀If you suspect someone has a dot you should say out loud, “Maria is a dot!” 􏰀If you are a “Dot” then you must bluff to convince others that you are not a dot.

Ready? 􏰀What questions do you have? On GO: You have 5 minutes to talk to each other and form groups with “non- dot” members.

So, what? 􏰀This activity was designed to allow you to experience the anti-communism hysteria and suspicion of the McCarthy Era in U.S. History during the 1950’s. 􏰀During this era, Americans turned on their fellow citizens and denounced them as Communist sympathizers based on little to no evidence 􏰀If you were a “dot,” what were you? 􏰀Guilt by Association: If students were friends with suspected “dots,” they were accused of being “dots.”

The 2nd Red Scare The McCarthy Era a.k.a. The McCarthy Era

Senator Joseph McCarthy Wisconsin Senator looking for media attention to help him get re-elected. In a campaign speech in Wheeling, West Virginia, McCarthy claims to have a list of 205 known communists working in the US State Department.

McCarthyism McCarthyism is the practice of making accusations of treason without proper evidence. The 1950s in the US became known as the McCarthy era because it was characterized by a fear of communists traitors.

For communist traitors in the country McCarthyism a.k.a. “witch hunt” For communist traitors in the country

HUAC HUAC- House Un-American Activities Committee 􏰁group in Congress whose purpose was to investigate ALL radical groups in the U.S., specially communists.

The House on Un-American Activities Committee HUAC

The Hollywood Ten Hollywood Ten was a group of screenwriters who were accused of being Communist.􏰀 They did not cooperate with the HUAC's investigation. refused to admit to being in the Communist Party wouldn’t provide any names of others who might be Communists Punished! The ten were fined and sentenced to a year in jail. They were also blacklisted from working in the film industry in Hollywood, until the 1960's when the ban was lifted.

“The Hollywood Ten”

Loyalty program Truman issued an executive order which set up a program to check the loyalty of federal employees. The FBI investigated federal workers (including teachers) by wiretapping conversations, breaking into houses, and stealing personal items to use as evidence that a person was or was not communist or a spy. If there existed "reasonable grounds" to doubt an employee's loyalty, he or she would be fired.

“You read books, eh?” Social Studies teacher!

The Hiss case 1948- Alger Hiss was a government official accused of spying for the Soviet Union. Although no solid proof linked Hiss to espionage, he was fired. - Alger Hiss testifies before HUAC

The Rosenberg's Ethel and Julius Rosenberg were accused of passing nuclear secrets to the Soviet Union. The Rosenberg’s executed for espionage.

The Army-McCarthy hearings (1954) In 1954, the US Senate decides to conduct nationally televised hearings, to investigate McCarthy’s several accusations. McCarthy was exposed as a bully and a fraud and was censured by the US Senate.

Closure Analyze the political cartoon and evaluate its message.

What does this cartoon imply about the methods of HUAC? Read the title... What does this cartoon imply about the methods of HUAC? October 31, 1947 Washington Post

"You mean I'm supposed to stand on that?” In February 1950, Senator Joseph McCarthy claimed that he held in his hand, a list of names of some 205 communists in the State Department which he did not reveal. Many members of Congress, began to support him. In this cartoon, conservative Republican senators, Kenneth S. Wherry, Robert A. Taft, and Styles Bridges and Republican National Chairman Guy Gabrielson push a reluctant GOP elephant to mount the unsavory platform. This was the first use of the word "McCarthyism."