IS 171 Computing with Spreadsheets Introduction to Spreadsheets Week 1 Take attendance and let them answer one or more of the following questions: Name, year at Calvin and major Home town Favorite sport or hobby Level of Excel experience (none, minimum, extensive, expert) Something unique or special about them (family, job, pet, hobby, etc.) As an alternative to taking attendance, split them into teams of two and have each student introduce their partner by answering one or more of the above questions. Let them know that this is a skill building course, not a theory course, and therefore, most of the work will be done in the labs. Relate how important this skill is relative to any job they may get in the future since, in 5-10 years, 70% of the graduating seniors will not be in a job related to their major, but they will always use Word, Excel and PowerPoint to communicate with their clients and business associates.

Introduction Course Overview and Policies Where do spreadsheets fit? The history of spreadsheets Intro to Excel Cover course documents, show how to navigate Calvin’s main web site page to view the class material: Select ‘Departments at Calvin’ Select ‘Computer Science’ department Select ‘Courses’ Select ‘IS 171’ Select ‘Section X’ Select ‘Class Schedule’ The Lab and Project write-ups will be available at least one week in advance. Knightvision may also be used to view the class schedule and policies. You will submit each of your assignments using the ‘View/Complete Assignment’ feature for the given week of the course. 12/2/2018 Fred Ferwerda

The Idea of a Spreadsheet What is a spreadsheet? What are its uses? Have you ever used a spreadsheet? Ask the students to define what a spreadsheet is Relate it to a checkbook register along with a pocket calculator. The checkbook register has columns for date, check #, etc. The checkbook has rows for each entry. Ask the students what practical applications they would use Excel for. Typical responses might include: Balance a checkbook A teacher’s grade book Family budget Track stocks and investments You might also ask the students where a spreadsheet fits in the data hierarchy of bit, byte, field, record, file and database (Answer: File because a table has fields (columns) and records (rows). 12/2/2018 Fred Ferwerda

A Brief History of Spreadsheets The accountant’s paper ledger Dan Bricklin and VisiCalc Mitch Kapor and Lotus 1-2-3 Bill Gates and Microsoft Excel 12/2/2018 Fred Ferwerda

The accountant’s paper ledger Big sheets of paper (spread out the sheets?) Permits storing figures Fig. 1.1, p. 2 of book The accountant’s ledger is pure paper and hard labor. A spreadsheet is the computerized equivalent of an accountant’s ledger. In 1980, when PCs were first introduced, they had the following characteristics: No hard drive No monitor No Operating System No applications Cost approximately $5000 ($10-$15K in 2005 ) Solution: People started writing programs (applications) that would run stand-a-lone on the new Personal Computers and the first person to introduce the idea of a spreadsheet was Dan Bricklin. 12/2/2018 Fred Ferwerda

Dan Bricklin (1951-) and VisiCalc 1979 – Spreadsheet on Apple II Visible calculator Pushed sales of personal computers In 1978 Daniel Bricklin, while a student at the Harvard Business School, came up with the idea. Actually went to market in May 1979. Bob Frankston whom Bricklin recruited to improve on his idea came up with the term “visible calculator”. They programmed it to fit into 20K of machine memory allowing it to run on the Apple II and it was very successful. In fact, it can be argued that VisiCalc on the Apple led to the surge of personal computer purchases. During its lifetime, about 1 million copies of VisiCalc were sold. VisiCalc was slow in responding to the introduction of the IBM PC in 1980 (Intel). Then came Mitch Kapor and the introduction of Lotus... Can still get VisiCalc executable (for DOS) at http://www.bricklin.com/history/vcexecutable.htm 12/2/2018 Fred Ferwerda

Mitch Kapor (1950-) and Lotus 1-2-3 1982 – Spreadsheet on IBM PC First to include Charts and Graphs Very successful 1985 – Bought out VisiCalc Kapor was product manager for VisiCalc for about 6 months in 1980. In 1982 he started Lotus Development corporation with Jonathan Sachs. Before he did this, he offered Personal Software Corporation (VisiCalc’s owner company) his Lotus program. He was declined on the grounds that its functionality was “too limited” Lotus 1-2-3 made it easier to use spreadsheets and it was the first product to include charting, plotting and database capabilities. It introduced the idea of naming cells, cell ranges, and allowing macros. With the addition of VisiPlot, Lotus went on to be one of the all-time best selling application software packages in the world. In an ironic turn of events, in 1985, Lotus bought out VisiCalc and then discontinued it. http://www.nb-info.co.uk 12/2/2018 Fred Ferwerda

Bill Gates and Microsoft Excel 1985: originally written for Apple II 1987: shipped with the introduction of the first Windows Oper. Sys. Graphical interface September 30, 1985--Microsoft announced the shipment to retail stores of Microsoft Excel for the Apple Macintosh, a powerful, full-featured microcomputer spreadsheet that combined business graphics with an on-sheet database. The Apple version was graphical (even before windows). When Microsoft launched the Windows operating system in 1987, Excel was one of the first products to be released for it. It was the only windows spreadsheet for 3 years (1987-1990) and then Lotus announced a Windows version of its product. Unfortunately, by then, it was too little too late and Microsoft had pretty much captured the market. In 1995 IBM acquired Lotus Development. Excel owns the spreadsheet market at present, and there are no real competitors. 12/2/2018 Fred Ferwerda

Introduction to Excel Spreadsheet: Excel calls it a Worksheet A Workbook is a collection of worksheets Grid of columns (labeled alphabetically) and rows (labeled numerically) Each box is called a cell Each cell is named by its cell reference (cell address) which is the column letter followed by the row number (e.g., B3) Worksheet and spreadsheet are synonymous terms and will be used interchangeably in this course. 12/2/2018 Fred Ferwerda

More on Excel Cells may contain: Text (literals) Numeric Data (numbers, percents, dates) Formulas (=B3+C3) Electronic spreadsheet does the paper version one better: it performs the calculations 12/2/2018 Fred Ferwerda

Advantages Labor Savings Allows "what-if" analysis using scenarios Increase all salaries for a company by 3%. Do this for 10,000 or more employees! Allows "what-if" analysis using scenarios Allows graphing and charting Allows use of complex functions (PMT, FV) Allows data to be passed between worksheets 12/2/2018 Fred Ferwerda

Components of a Worksheet Title Bar Menu Bar Toolbars Standard toolbar Formatting toolbar View  Toolbars menu option to display additional toolbars Formula bar (active cell address and displayed value) Worksheet area and scroll bars Worksheet tabs The title bar contains the name of the current active workbook. The Menu Bar contains all available Excel features but it is sometimes difficult to find the desired feature (it may be on a submenu); therefore, Toolbars make the most common functions and features available to the user. There are approximately 20 different Toolbars available in Excel and you may create your own Toolbar and/or customize an existing Toolbar. Use the Tools  Customize function to show the Standard and Formatting toolbars on two rows and full menus on the Menu Bar. Show how to use the Tools  Customize function to add and remove buttons on a Toolbar. 12/2/2018 Fred Ferwerda

Don’t let this happen to you! TM & © 2002 Grimmy, Inc. Mike Peters from http://www.grimmy.com (9/5/02) 12/2/2018 Fred Ferwerda