United States and Canada Physical and Human Geography US: 50 states; Can: 10 provinces/3 territories

Landforms Appalachian Mts: Rocky Mountains: Continental Divide: Basins: Piedmont: Plains

Water Features Rivers-St. Lawrence, Mississippi, Ohio, Missouri, Colorado Great Lakes Bering Strait

Resources Fresh water Fish Minerals Energy resources timber

Climates Mid-latitudes: humid-subtropical, humid continental, marine west coast, Mediterranean Dry Climate: desert climate High Latitude: highland, subarctic, and tundra Tropical

US Regions Industrial North (Atlantic coastal Plains) The South: Gulf coastal Plains Central Plains: the Great Plains The West: Rocky Mountains

Canadian Regions Canadian North (frozen, uninhabited) Maritime Provinces (Atlantic shores) St. Lawrence Lowlands (Canada’s heartland of population and economy) Prairie Provinces (grain- and oil- producing areas) British Columbia (Pacific coast)

History Ice Age: migrated across Bering Strait Eskimos and Indians lived in the tundra Depended on animals to meet their needs

Europeans to America Migrated by 1600’s (for land, minerals, freedom Adapted to conditions: North: trade, fish, and manufactured goods Middle: raised cash crops South: large scale plantations

French: lived in Canada: trapped animals or fished Spanish: lived on coasts to protect their ships; went west to farm and raise cattle Conflict w/ Indians b/c they cleared the land, destroyed hunting grounds, and took over fur trade. Canada became English in 1763

LA Purchase (1803) All land b/w the Miss River and the Rocky Mts. Doubled size of US and added more resources Access to Miss River and a port at NO Brought more immigrants

Technology and Growth Developed transcontinental railroads; dry farming and other farming advances Better means of mass production (led to lower prices) Dramatically increased after WWII

Cultural Expression 83% are of European descent highly value religious freedom; majority are Christians Primary language is English; some areas are bilingual b/c communications can be in 2 languages.

Canada’s Cultural Expression Canada is bilingual: two official languages – French and English. Also has long heritage of religious freedom: Mostly Catholics or Protestants

Population Patterns U.S: population density is 67/sq. mile. 75 % live in or near cities Metropolitan area: central city and its suburbs (the outlying communities)

Megalopolis: Urban core of the industrial north: continuous urban strip from Boston to Washington, DC Most people are mobile: move from place to place

Canada Huge land with few people: 28 million Most Canadians live within 200 miles of the U.S. b/c the rest of country to rough.

Government US: representative democracy: elect leaders to represent them US economy based on free- enterprise: Canada: constitutional monarchy: king/queen limited by a constitution, real leader is the Prime minister.

Pierre Trudeau (Prime Minister)

President Bush

The Economy Developed countries: skilled workers, many natural resources and advanced technology. Economy based on free enterprise: people can organize and operate businesses for profit (capitalism) Canada, however has some gov’t control in broadcasting, transportation and healthcare.

Agriculture Practice commercial farming: produce food/animals for sale. US and Canada raise meats, grains, vegetables, and fruits. Use fertilizers, pesticides, machinery, and hybrid seeds

Truck farms: close to large cities so goods can be quickly shipped Technology: all land to fallow; irrigation contour farming; dry farming

Industry 2/3 work in service industries (tourism major industry) world leaders in manufacturing due to resources and technology US makes 1/4th of world’s manufactured goods Employs 20% of the workforce 2/3 work in service industries (tourism major industry)

US leads the world in total value of imports and exports-major partner is Canada Interdependent

Transportation Great roads (interstate hwys) Largest rail system Water ways Leaders in air traffic Pipelines for oil

Communications U.S. leads world in TV’s and phones Communications are privately owned but regulated by the government. Canada: government active in broadcasting and transportation.