Kingdom Animalia

Animal Cell Characteristics No cell walls Membrane bound organelles Can you name a few & describe their function?

Animal Cell Characteristics Eukaryotic Can specialize (have different shapes and functions)

Levels of Organization Cells  Tissues  Organs  Organ Systems  Organism -Exception: Sponges. The only animal that have just the cellular level What are the 4 Macromolecules? What are their functions?

Levels of Organization Molecule or compound Atom Organelle Levels of Organization CELL Life begins Tissue Organ Organ system Organism copyright cmassengale

General Animal Features What Biomolecule is Glycogen? Multicellular Heterotroph (by ingestion) Store food reserves as glycogen

Ingestion Questions! What is the name of an organism that eats…. PLANTS? ANIMALS? BOTH PLANTS AND ANIMALS? DECAYING MATTER? Herbivore Carnivore Omnivore Detritivore

Features Cont’d - Support Some have skeletal support – Endoskeleton: inside the body. Made of cartilage or bone. Ex) Humans, Sharks, Fish, Sponges etc Exoskeleton: covers outside of body  Limits size. Must go through molting to grow Ex) Arthropods – Insects, Spiders, Crab etc.

Features Cont’d - Support Some have fluid filled cavities – called hydrostatic skeletons Ex) Worms & Echinoderms (Starfish, Sand dollars, Sea Urchins etc.)

Features Cont’d - Movement Some are sessile (attached & non-moving) Ex) Sponges Some are sedentary (move very little) Ex) Clam Some are motile (able to move) Ex) Dogs, Giraffe, Insects etc.

Features Cont’d - Reproduction -All animals capable of sexual reproduction How is this beneficial? -Some can reproduce asexually by budding, fragmentation, or regeneration GENETIC DIVERSITY! -Some animals are hermaphrodites – organism that produces both egg and sperm Ex) Sponges, Earthworms, Snails

Evolutionary/Developmental Milestones in Animals Cell specialization and levels of organization Development of body symmetry and segmentation Development of an internal body cavity and tissue layers

1. Cell Specialization Cells throughout a multicellular organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks.

Levels of Organization

2. Body Symmetry Symmetry in biology is the balanced distribution of duplicate body parts or shapes. The body plans of most multicellular organisms exhibit some form of symmetry… Radial Symmetry: A body plan in which all body parts of an organism are arranged around a central point Ex) Jellyfish, Polyp

2. Body Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry: a single plane divides the body into two mirror images Ex) Crab, Human

2. Body Symmetry Asymmetry: cannot be divided into mirror images Ex) Sponges

2. Body Segmentation Segmentation of the body allows development of various specialized limbs, such as antennae, pincers, walking legs, claws, wings, etc. Cephalization is the concentration of nervous tissues in one location which eventually produces a head region with sensory organs and a brain.

3. Tissue Layers & Body Cavity Develops Into Endoderm digestion and respiration structures Mesoderm muscles, bones, blood, skin, reproductive organs Ectoderm skin, brain, nervous system A body cavity, called a coelom, increases the efficiency of food intake and waste removal.