A group of cells that have a specific function. Tissues A group of cells that have a specific function.

General Functions

Epithelial Tissue Cover body surfaces and organs Lines body cavities

Connective Tissue Bind and support body parts

Muscular Tissue Contracts to aid in movement

Nervous Tissue Responds to stimuli Transmits impulses from one body part to another

Epithelial Tissue

Epithelial Tissue Tightly packed Little space between layers

External Protection Dehydration Injury Bacterial Infections

Internal Protection Secretes mucus (digestive) Absorption (renal) Cilia (respiratory)

Epithelial tissue Lacks blood vessels Receive nutrients from underlying connective tissue Always has one FREE SURFACE Basement membrane is attached to surface

Epithelial tissue Classified by: Cell shape # of layers

SimpleSquamous Epithelium Single layer Flattened cells Secretion Absorption Filtration

SimpleSquamous Epithelium Lines the lungs and capillaries

SimpleSquamous Epithelium

StratifiedSquamous Epithelium Many layers Flattened cells Protection Deeper layers may be columnar or cuboidal Basal layer reinforced by keratin, a protein that provides strength

StratifiedSquamous Epithelium Skin Various orifices

StratifiedSquamous Epithelium

SimpleCuboidal Epithelium Single layer Cube-shaped Glands Main function is secretion and absorption Contains many mitochondria that supplies ATP

SimpleCuboidal Epithelium Salivary Gland Thyroid Gland Pancreas Kidney tubule Ovaries

SimpleCuboidal Epithelium

StratifiedCuboidal Epithelium Often only has two layers Found in lining of larger ducts Mammary Salivary

StratifiedCuboidal Epithelium

SimpleColumnar Epithelium Longer than they are wide Perform a particular function Main function of absorption and propulsion

SimpleColumnar Epithelium Found in lining of digestive organs Lines the fallopian tubes

SimpleColumnar Epithelium

StratifiedColumnar Epithelium Rare Found in male urethra and pharynx

StratifiedColumnar Epithelium

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Appears to be layered but no true layers Irregular placement of nuclei

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Transitional Epithelium Changeability Respond to tension Lines bladder

Transitional Epithelium

Connective Tissue Supports and protects Fills space Produces blood cells Stores fat

Connective Tissue Widely separated by extracellular matrix composed of organic ground substance Varies in consistency

Connective Tissue Classified by characteristics of matrix

Connective Tissue Fibers in matrix Collagen (white fiber) flexibility and strength Elastin (yellow fiber) more flexible but not as strong Reticular (very thin networking)

Fibrous Connective Tissue Loose connective tissue Between other tissues Between organs Binds together

Fibrous Connective Tissue Loose connective tissue Mainly fibroblasts (large star-shaped) Located far apart, separated by jelly-like matrix Adipose

Fibrous Connective Tissue

Fibrous Connective Tissue Dense connective tissue Bundles are parallel Tendons Ligaments

Fibrous Connective Tissue

Fibrous Connective Tissue Lymphatic tissue Contains reticular fibers only Found in spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, and bone marrow

Connective Tissue: Cartilage Lacunae- small chambers separated by matrix that is flexible solid No direct blood flow

Connective Tissue: Cartilage Hyaline: Most common Matrix- fine collagen Nose, end of ribs, trachea, and fetal skeleton

Connective Tissue: Cartilage Hyaline:

Connective Tissue: Cartilage Elastic: Elastin and collagen fibers More flexible Outer ear

Connective Tissue: Cartilage Elastic:

Connective Tissue: Cartilage Fibrocartilage: Strong collagen matrix Absorbs shock Reduces friction Vertebrae and knee joint

Connective Tissue: Cartilage Fibrocartilage:

Connective Tissue: Bone Most rigid connective tissue Mineral salts Calcium

Connective Tissue: Bone Compact bone Outer portion of long bones Osteons (cylindrical shaped) Lamellae (deposition of thin layers) around a central canal Canal contains nerves and blood vessels

Connective Tissue: Bone Compact bone Osteocytes (bone cells) Canaliculi (minute canals)

Connective Tissue: Bone Compact bone

Connective Tissue: Bone Spongy bone Contains numerous bony bars and plates called TRABECULAE Lighter than compact bones Contains red marrow

Connective Tissue: Bone Spongy bone

Connective Tissue: Blood Cells suspended in a liquid matrix called PLASMA Red blood cells- carry oxygen (erythrocytes) White blood cells- aid in fighting infection (leukocytes)

Muscular Tissue Composed of muscle fibers Contain actin and myosin

Connective Tissue: Blood Platelets- fragments of giant cells found in the matrix

Muscular Tissue Skeletal Voluntary Attached by tendons Contraction = movement Short duration Striated

Muscular Tissue Skeletal

Muscular Tissue Smooth Not voluntary Found in the walls of hollow viscera Long duration Modified by the nervous system

Muscular Tissue Smooth

Muscular Tissue Cardiac Features of both smooth and skeletal muscles Strong Rhythmical Striated Single central nucleus

Muscular Tissue Cardiac Individual Bound at intercalated disks Promotes rapid stimuli for simultaneous contractions

Muscular Tissue Cardiac

Nervous Tissue Brain and spinal cord Neurons conduct stimuli Dendrite collects signals that result in impulses Cell body contains the nucleus and cytoplasm Axon conducts nerve impulses

Nervous Tissue Neuroglia- support and nourish neurons Schwann cells- type of neuroglia that encircles long nerve fibers outside the CNS

Nervous Tissue Nodes of Ranvier- gaps between the Schwann cells Myelin sheath- speeds conduction, jumps from node to node

Extracellular Junctions Tight junction: impermeable barrier Gastric juices and urine Gap junction: adjacent membrane channels join Heart

Extracellular Junctions Adhesion : Do not touch Held together by extracellular filaments

Glands One or more cells that produce and secrete a product

Glands Exocrine Glands with ducts Secrete to outer surfaces Sweat and mammary glands

Glands Endocrine Glands without ducts Secrete internally, transported by blood stream Hormones that promote homeostasis Pituitary and thyroid

Membranes Mucous Interior walls of organs and tubes that open to outside Goblet cells secrete mucus Digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive

Membranes Serous Line cavities and cover organs Visceral: near organ Parietal: wall of cavity Secrete watery fluid for lubrication

Membranes Serous Abdominopelvic Thoracic Pleura: double layer around lungs Pericardium: covering around heart

Membranes Serous Peritoneum: membrane around abdomen Mesentery: peritoneal membrane attaches abdominal wall to organ

Membranes Synovial Lines free moving joint cavities Rheumatoid arthritis- inflammation of synovial fluid

Membranes Meninges Membranes within the posterior cavity Protect brain and spinal cord Meningitis: infection of meninges

Membranes Cutaneous Skin Outer covering