Kingdom Protista

What is a Protist? It is the most diverse kingdom (200,000+ species) Contains both unicellular and multicellular organisms Contains both autotrophs and heterotrophs

Protozoans: Animal-like Protists Are all unicellular heterotrophs Are classified by their movement Ciliophora includes paramecia

Ciliophora Move and feed using cilia = hairlike projections of the plasma membrane Paramecia in freshwater use contractile vacuoles to regulate water balance

Protozoans Zoomasitgina or “flagellates” Move by whipping 1 or more flagella Example: Trichonympha

Protozoans Rhizopoda includes amoeba Move and feed using pseudopods = cytoplasmic extensions

Protozoans Sporozoa “sporozoans” All are parasitic and nonmotile Example: Plasmodium causes malaria

Algae: Plant-like Protists Are classified by photosynthetic pigment and cell wall structure Produce more than 2/3 of all oxygen Include phytoplankton = photosynthesizing protists

Algae Euglenophyta includes euglena Move by using a flagellum Are both autotrophic and heterotrophic (mixotrophic) Use an eyespot to find light

Algae Bacillariophyta “golden algae” ex. diatoms Have shells made of silica

Algae Dinoflagellata “dinoflagellates” Several species produce toxins Ex. Pfiesteria and red tide

Algae Phaeophyta “brown algae” Kelp is the largest and most complex protist

Algae Rhodophyta “red algae” Found deep rocky waters Used as a thickener “alginate”

Algae Chlorophyta “green algae” Contains both uni- and multicellular forms Volvox forms colonies

Green Algae Are considered the ancestors to plants: Pigment: chlorophyll Cell wall: cellulose Life cycle: alternation of generations

Alternation of Generations

Fungus-like Protists Feed on decaying matter Slime molds Water molds Downy mildews