Water and the Properties of Liquids Chapter 13

Physical States and Changes Evaporation: particles having enough kinetic energy to break away from the liquid to become a gas Sublimation: change of state from solid directly to a liquid

Vapor Pressure Condensation: When a gas returns to a liquid. Surface Tension: resistance of a liquid to an increase in its surface area Capillary action: spontaneous rising of a liquid in a narrow tube

Hydrates Hydrate: solids that contain water in their crystalline structure Anhydrous: lack of water or without water Hygroscopic: anhydrous substances and other substances that readily absorb water out of the atmosphere

Meniscus Meniscus concave shape of water’s meniscus show the adhesive forces between glass and water are stronger than the cohesive forces in the water

Boiling Point Boiling Point is the temperature at which vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the external pressure above the liquid Freezing Point: temperature at which the solid phase of a substance is in equilibrium with its liquid phase

Structure of water Water has hydrogen bonding which is a force between molecules that attracts the molecules to each other. The stronger this force the higher the boiling point.