Skeletal System Study Guide

1) The Skeletal System Functions Main Functions of the Skeletal System Protection (ex: skull/vertebral column) Movement (Leverage/force of motion) Support (ex: femur supports upper body) 4 Storage of minerals (calcium) and lipids (yellow marrow) 5 Blood cell production (in red bone marrow)

2) Classification of Bones Long bones Flat bones *RIB & SKULL Bones Sutural bones Irregular bones Short bones Sesamoid bones

3) Two Divisions of the Skeletal System Axial Total Bones: 80 Includes the longitudinal axis of the body Skull (29 Bones) Vertebral Column (26 Bones) Bony Thorax (25 Bones) Appendicular Total Bones: 126 Upper Limbs (60 Bones) Lower Limbs (60 Bones) Pectoral Girdle (4 Bones) Pelvic Girdle (2 Bones)

4) Total Bones in Skeletal System Axial Total Bones: 80 Includes the longitudinal axis of the body Skull (29 Bones) Vertebral Column (26 Bones) Bony Thorax (25 Bones) Appendicular Total Bones: 126 Upper Limbs (60 Bones) Lower Limbs (60 Bones) Pectoral Girdle (4 Bones) Pelvic Girdle (2 Bones) GRAND TOTAL: 206

5) Long Bone Structure Diaphysis - the shaft Epiphysis - wide part at each end of bones

6) Long Bone Structure Diaphysis -compact bone Epiphysis -spongy bone At ends of bones there is articular cartilage, which is hyaline cartilage

7) Long Bone Structure Ossification is bone formation Epiphyseal Plate: where bone is actively growing Babies have more cartilage than bone. Babies have more bones than adults because as they grow up, some of the bones fuse together to form one bone.

8) Only movable bone of skull The mandible is the only freely movable bone of the skull.

9) Axial skeleton Axial Includes the longitudinal axis of the body Skull Vertebral Column Thorax

10) Bones of thoracic cage Ribs (both true & false ribs) Sternum

11) Bones of pectoral girdle Clavicle Scapula

12) Types of RIBS TRUE RIBS  1-7 Are attached to the sternum by cartilage FALSE RIBS  8 - 12 Attached indirectly to sternum by cartilage or not at all

13) Sacrum Sacrum is NOT part of the appendicular skeleton Sacrum is part of the axial skeleton

14) Lateral forearm bone The RADIUS is “rad” and is on the thumb side – LATERAL in anatomical position

15) Phalanges of hand There are 14 phalanges in the hand.

16) Bone that articulates with coxal bone of pelvic girdle The head of the FEMUR articulates with the coxal bone.

17) Fractures A fracture is any break in a bone.

18) Scoliosis Scoliosis – lateral curvature in lumbar region of vertebral column.