Figures used in the Modelling and Linking Guide (MLG) Michel Böhms 8. June 2017

Enrichment & Conversion 1. Introduction 2. Data Modelling 3. Modeling Guide 4. Linking Guide 5. Implementation 6. Try it Yourself Motivation Introduction Introduction Introduction Introduction Introduction Context & Scope ISO STEP First Principles Enrichment & Conversion Formats & Access Editing & Publishing Software Benefits in Use Cases W3C LD/SW Guidelines Translation Versioning Deployment Software

AS-IS TO-BE (proposed) Static Extended Linked AIM Relevance EXTERNAL “Linking” bSDD == AIM Relevance GIS bSI Boundary Extension ontologies MVD+ bSDD SE MVD IFC + Psets bSI Boundary IFC + Psets ifcOWL IoT Modelling Modelling Technology Technology ISO STEP ISO STEP W3C Linked Data / Semantic Web (RDF/RDFS/OWL/ SPARQL) ISO 12006-3/ API ISO 12006-3/ API Option 1 Option 2

bSI being just one puzzle piece in the total AIM Landscape! IoT bSI Company OTL (e.g. RWS-OTL) OGC National Standard (e.g. COINS in NL) ISO/CEN

Secondary scope Primary Limited Scope Meta Data Object Representation Content Secondary scope Primary Limited Scope Style Format Access

IFC, bSDD, InfraGML, QUDT, SKOS, DC, BOT, SEAS, ICE, EO, … Level Semantics International IFC, bSDD, InfraGML, QUDT, SKOS, DC, BOT, SEAS, ICE, EO, … European EU Road OTL, Inspire, … National (Country-specific) CBNL @ COINS (NL), BSAB (SE), OKSTRA (DE), Inframodel (FI), ADD (UK), … Organization-specific RWS-OTL (NL), … Project-specific RWS-SAA-OTL (NL), … Powered by LD/SW

Asset Life-Cycle, essential views AsRequired – what is needed (client)/allowed (regulation)? AsProposed – what is possible/proposed/offered? AsBuilt – what is actually constructed/deconstructed? Two Management views: for Asset (network) itself and for Asset (network) Usage

Including Asset Information Management (AIM) ASSET OPERATION ⑧ ⑨ ASSET MANAGEMENT (AM) Including Asset Information Management (AIM) ASSET OPERATION MANAGEMENT provenance REALIZEa / REPURPOSE / RENOVATEb / MAINTAIN ASSET OPERATEf ASSET PROGRAMc DESIGNd BUILDe AsRequired AsProposed AsBuilt ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ Synonyms a Develop, Make b Refurbish, Retrofit c Specify, Plan, Incept d Engineer e Construct, Make, Realize f Use, Utilize, Exploit Maintain : ReBuild only (same AsRequired & AsProposed) Renovate : ReDesign + ReBuild (same AsRequired) Repurpose : ReProgram + ReDesign + ReBuild - Demolish : Special case of Repurpose: ‘Stop Operation’ ⑩

Asset Supply-Chain Orthogonal to Life-Cycle dimension Related to “Decomposition” Network (Built Environment, Road Network, Rail Network, …) Asset (Building, Road, Rail, Bridge, Tunnel, …) System/SubSystem (SpatialSystem/Zone, PhysicalSystem/SignallingSystem, …) Component (Space, Device, AshaltSlab, PrefabElement, …) Material (Steel, Concrete, Asphalt, …) Independent from Make or Buy decision I.e. a Component can be a Product when bought

Program Design Build Manage & Operate Network Asset System/ SubSystem Component Material Manage & Life-Cycle Supply-Chain validation time verification

IFC4x1_RC3.ttl Linking Rule Set (LRS) XOntology.ttl IFC4x1_RC3-Data.ttl Linking Data Set (LDS) XData.ttl

App SPARQL SPARQL IFC4x1_RC3.ttl Linking Rule Set (LRS) XOntology.ttl IFC4x1_RC3-Data.ttl Linking Data Set (LDS) XData.ttl

ACCESS FORMAT CONTENT LANGUAGE STRUCTURE DATA Aspects Levels ACCESS FORMAT CONTENT LANGUAGE STRUCTURE STRUCTURE FORMAT DATA DATA FORMAT

ACCESS FORMAT CONTENT LANGUAGE STRUCTURE DATA Aspects Levels ACCESS FORMAT CONTENT LANGUAGE N.A. ISO 10303-11: EXPRESS STRUCTURE ANY SCHEMA DATA ISO 10303-22: SDAI ISO 10303-21: SPFF DATA SET (‘STEP File’)

Internet Linked Data (LD) World Wide Web (WWW) Semantic Web (SW) Ontology/OTL Semantic Web (SW) Linked Data (LD) World Wide Web (WWW) Internet Linked Knowledge Linked Data Semantic Level Linked Documents Linked Computers

ACCESS FORMAT CONTENT LANGUAGE STRUCTURE DATA Aspects Levels ACCESS FORMAT CONTENT LANGUAGE SPARQL RDF Format Turtle, RDF/XML, N-Triples, or JSON-LD OWL --------- RDFS RDF STRUCTURE ANY ONTOLOGY DATA DATA SET

KnowledgeBase (KB) = Theory = SET of axioms DL Logic as Fragment of First Order predicate Logic (FOL) KnowledgeBase (KB) = Theory = SET of axioms TBoxes ==Concept axioms RBoxes ==Role axioms OWL Classes OWL Properties ABoxes ==Individual axioms OWL2-DL =essentially= DL Logic SROIQ (most expressive, still decidable) OWL Individuals SROIQ Signature (KB) = The set of all Concept names, Role names & Individual names

LRS 1 < > 2 or 1 > 2 LRS: Linking Rule Set Using RDFS/OWL, and/or Using e.g. SPIN Rules with SPARQL (construct) queries Ontology Using RDF/RDFS/OWL import import Ontology 1 Ontology 2 … … LDS 1< >2 rdf:type rdf:type LDS: Linking Data Set Using e.g. owl:sameAs Dataset Using RDF/RDFS Dataset 1 Dataset 2

Ontology Linking Rule Set (LRS) Basic RDF/RDFS/OWL2 == Alignment Ontology (AO) RDFS/OWL SUBSET: rdfs:subClassOf (unidirectional) rdfs:subPropertyOf (unidirectional) owl:equivalentClass (bidirectional) owl:equivalentProperty (bidirectional) owl:sameAs (bidirectional) (for reference individuals) Advanced OWL2+ SPIN (constraint subset) (incl. SPARQL Ask queries) or SHACL, or otherwise == Conversion Rule Set (CRS) OWL+SPIN (unidirectional rule subset) (SPIN including SPARQL Construct queries)

Schema S1 in EXPRESS Knowledge Translator Ontology O1 in RDF/RDFS/OWL (Turtle syntax) by ref/order rdf:type Dataset SF1 in SPFF Data Translator Dataset TF1 in RDF (Turtle syntax) source/target source/target

LRS LRS by ref/order rdf:type source/target source/target EXPRESS (Meta)ONTOLOGY in RDF/RDFS/OWL (Turtle syntax) LRS RDF/RDFS/OWL (Meta)ONTOLOGY in RDF/RDFS/OWL (Turtle syntax) Schema S1 in EXPRESS (Meta)Dataset MTF1 in RDF (Turtle syntax) (Meta)Dataset MTF2 in RDF (Turtle syntax) Ontology O1 in RDF/RDFS/OWL (Turtle syntax) SPFF (Meta)ONTOLOGY in RDF/RDFS/OWL (Turtle syntax) LRS Turtle (Meta)ONTOLOGY in RDF/RDFS/OWL (Turtle syntax) by ref/order rdf:type Dataset SF1 in SPFF (Meta)Dataset TF1 in RDF (Turtle syntax) (Meta)Dataset TF1 in RDF (Turtle syntax) Dataset TF2 in RDF (Turtle syntax) source/target source/target

x LRS IFC Ontology O1 in RDF/ RDFS/ OWL Knowledge Translator Schema S1 in EXPRESS IFC Ontology O1 in RDF/ RDFS/ OWL Knowledge Translator IfcProxy IfcPropertySet IfcPropertySingleValue IfcProxy IfcPropertySet IfcPropertySingleValue x IFC Extension Ontology O1a (without MM) in RDF by ref/order rdf:type Promotor/ Demotor rdf:type Dataset SF1 in SPFF Dataset TF1 in RDF IFCExtension Dataset TF1x in RDF Data Translator IfcProxy IfcPropertySet IfcPropertySingleValue MetaDataset IfcProxy IfcPropertySet IfcPropertySingleValue MetaDataset LDS source/target 1 source/target 2 source/target 2x Promotor/ Demotor Could also be LRS (SPIN) for each direction

... ... and/or ONTOLOGY 1 Linked Data* DATA 1 Linking or Conversion/ ALIGNMENT ONTOLOGY (OWL) and/or RESTYLING/ CONVERSION RULE SET (OWL/SPIN/...) ONTOLOGY 1 import Linked Data* DATA 1 ALIGNMENT DataSet (like owl:sameAS) Linking or Conversion/ Restyling ... ONTOLOGY 2 DATA 2 SPFF file XML file Referencing or Translation ... Non-Linked Data * Meaning: formatted according to a LD format like Turtle, RDF/XML, JSON-LD etc.

Korea: Road Model China: Rail Model France: Bridge Model Future: Tunnels Airports Ports Powerlines

Client SPIN SPIN/SPARQL.1.1 Select/Ask/Construct SPARQL Query Templates (SPARQL in RDF) SPIN Rules & Constraints + OWL/RDFS regimes Top SPIN SPIN Filter/Property Functions & magic properties Coded IFC property functions or existing like geoSPARQL SPINx JAVA PLUGIN CODING JavaScript Java Or other PLugins like FME

Optional, not yet used