Structural Components 1. Arches 2. Beams 3. Columns

Arches Can support large load because the load is carried throughout the arch shape

Beam - Flat structure supported at each end Simple beam

I Beam

Box Beam (Girder)

Truss - framework of beams, usually in a triangle shape

Cantilever – beam supported only at one end

Columns- a solid structure that stands by itself

Structural Stress, Fatigue, Failure A combination of to much external and internal forces acting on a structure and weakens it

Structural Fatigue Repeated abnormal use of a structure, a permanent change in the structure

Structural Failure Happens when a structure can no longer stand up to the forces acting on it

Forms of Structural Failure Buckling

Shearing Separating of Components Deformation

A structure needs strength and stiffness to avoid failure The strength of a structure is defined by the load at which it fails The stiffness of a structure is its ability to withstand changing its shape under a load

Section 2.4 Recap Main concepts Structural Shapes Structural Components Arches Beams (Simple, I-Beam, Girders, Truss, Cantilever) Columns Structural Stress, Fatigue and Failure Buckling, shearing, separating, deformation Strength and stiffness of a structure