Obrada slike na računaru

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Presentation transcript:

Obrada slike na računaru http://www.zemunskagimnazija.edu.rs

Digitalne slike – izvori Digitalni fotoaparat Skener Crtanjem na računaru “Skidanjem” sa Interneta Clip Art – zbirke slika, na pr. http://www.freeimages.co.uk/ (fotografije), http://www.coolarchive.com/ (pozadine, strelice, ikone, dugmad, bullets,...)

Primena digitalnih slika prezentacije (u Power Pointu) časopise, novine, postere dokumente (u Word-u) Web strane

Programi za obradu slika Adobe Photoshop Corel PHOTO-PAINT Photo Editor Paint Shop Pro IrfanView – www.irfanview.com

Načini predstavljanja slike u računaru VEKTORSKI – pomoću linija opisanih matematičkim jednačinama. RASTERSKI – pomoću pravougaone mreže piksela, tj. obojenih tačaka. PIXEL = Picture Element

Vektorska slika Duž je određena koordinatama krajnjih tačaka (x1,y1) i (x2,y2).

Rasterska slika 8 x 6 piksela 16 x 12 piksela Kvalitet slike zavisi od rezolucije. Primeri Rezolucija monitora :1680 x 1050 Rezolucija fotoaparata: 3,1MP 3,1mega piksel - 2016 piksela širine i 1512 piksela visine

Predstavljanje bitmap slika Svaki piksel ima svoju boju. Ako se informacija o boji čuva u jednom bitu onda je slika crno bela.

Crno-bela slika (monochrome) Svaki pixel je sačuvan kao jedan bit (0 ili 1) Slika veličine 640 x 480 zahteva 37,5 KB

Slika u tonovima sive boje (gray-scale) svaki pixel je sačuvan kao byte (28=256 kombinacija, vrednost između 0 do 255 ) 640 x 480 slika zahteva 300 KB

Slika u 8-bitnoj boji (indeksirana) svaki pixel je sačuvan kao byte (vrednost između 0 do 255), jer sadrži podatak o boji 640 x 480 slika zahteva 300 KB

Slika u 24-bitnoj boji svaki pixel je sačuvan kao 3 byte (za svaku RGB boju po jedan) podržava 256 x 256 x 256 mogućih kombinacija boja (16.777.216) 640 x 480 slika zahteva 921,6KB

Broj boja Broj bitova upotrebljenih za boju jednog piksela naziva se dubina piksela Bit Depth Colours Available 1-bit black and white 2-bit 4 colours 4-bit 16 colours 8-bit 256 colours 8-bit greyscale 256 shades of grey 16-bit 32768 colours 24-bit 16.7 million colours 32-bit 16.7 million + 256 Levels of transparency

Modeli boja boje na monitoru boje u štampi RGB Red Green Blue CMYK Cyan Magenta Yellow blacK

Rezolucija Rezolucija slike se meri: Rezolucija slike DPI dots per inch PPI pixels per inch Rezolucija slike monitor 72 – 96 dpi ofset štampa 300 dpi

Formati slika U skladu sa sadržajem i namenom slike, odlučujemo koliko informacija slika treba da sadrži. Za editovanje slika i štampanje bolji su formati koji podatke ne komprimuju uopšte ili ih komprimuju bez gubitaka PCX - PC Paintbrush’s PCX, TIF - Tag Image File Format, BMP - Windows Bitmap Za prikaz slika na Webu, koriste se formati koji koriste algoritme sa visokim stepenom kompresije GIF - Graphics Interchange Format, JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group PNG - Portable Network Graphics http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/~mxr/gfx/2d-hi.html

Pregled lekcije Načini predstavljanja slike u računaru Kvalitet rasterske slike zavisi od rezolucije broja boja Modeli boja Formati slika Prilagođavanje slike Promena dimenzije i rezolucije Promena modela predstavljanja boja Eksportovanje slike

Zadaci Zadatak 1 : Scenario: Slika AVENIJA.TIF je skenirana fotografija. Treba je pripremiti za jedan časopis. Dimenzije slike 5 x 7 cm. Pitanja: Koja je rezolucija neophodna za pripremu slike za štampu? Koji se model boja koristi za štampu? Koji formati neće komprimovati našu sliku već će zadržati njen kvalitet? Zadatak 2 : Scenario: Slika HIPODROM.JPG je digitalna fotografija . Treba je poslati e-mailom prijatelju.