Treated Untreated Wheat Weed Control 2010-2011

Broadleaf Weeds Great options exists, growers just need to be timely!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Controlling Most GA Broadleaf Weed Infestations 1. Harmony fb 2,4-D 2. Express + MCPA or 2,4-D Harmony + MCPA or 2,4-D 3. 2,4-D alone 4. Harmony Extra alone Most effective program Least effective program

Harmony Extra EP with TotalSol Rate: 0.45 to 0.9 oz Timing: 2-leaf until flag leaf visible Adjuvant: 0.25% NIS in water 0.125% NIS in nitrogen Weeds: Controls garlic and most broadleaf weeds Mixes: 2,4-D or MCPA to improve cornflower, wild radish, and vetch Rotations: No restrictions of concern Grains: Wheat, barley, oats

2,4-D Rate: 1 to 1.25 pt/A Timing: fully tillered wheat, before jointing Adjuvant: none needed Weeds: controls primrose and radish, weak on henbit, chickweed, and knawel Mixes: Express or Harmony Extra for henit, chickweed and knawel Rotations: No restrictions of concern Grains: Wheat, barley, oats, rye

Express TotalSol + MCPA Express rate: 0.25 to 0.5 oz MCPA 4L rate: 8 to 12 fl oz Timing: two tillers, before jointing Adjuvant: 0.125% surfactant Weeds: most broadleaf weeds Rotations: No restrictions of concern Grains: Wheat, barley, oats,

The Effect of Stage of Growth on Wild Radish Control in Wheat. Herbicide 0-4 inches 4-8 inches 8-12 inches Bolt/Flower 2,4-D >95%2 >90% >80% <65% MCPA >95% >70% <55% Harmony E. >75% 50% <40% Express + MCPA Osprey 80-90% 60-80% <50% PowerFlex 70-90% <60% 1Wild radish size in diameter of leaf rosette. 2Percent control as compared to untreated areas.

IF YOU DON’T HAVE RESISTANCE Ryegrass Control in Wheat Numerous options: Axial, Hoelon, Osprey, PowerFlex ACY 9-04 IF YOU DON’T HAVE RESISTANCE Again, our concern with Hoelon in much of NC, especially in the Piedmont, is resistance.

Numerous options: Ryegrass Control in Wheat Axial and Hoelon have same mode of action Osprey and PowerFlex have same mode of action ACY 9-04 Again, our concern with Hoelon in much of NC, especially in the Piedmont, is resistance.

Proper Timing of POST Materials Timeliness is critical !!! With normal planting date, generally best to apply before Christmas ACY 9-04 Timely application, i.e., small ryegrass, is important. In many cases where growers have complained about resistance to Hoelon, the problem has been resistance on the part of the grower to apply the herbicide timely. With wheat on a normal planting date, it is usually better to treat prior to Christmas. The weather is generally better, the ryegrass is smaller, and the ryegrass is growing more actively. All of these things contribute to better control.

Italian ryegrass control. Plains, 2008. Planted wheat on Nov 7 and treated December 19 prior to tillering ACY 9-04

Italian ryegrass control. Plains, 2010. Planted wheat on Nov 17 and treated December 22 prior to tillering ACY 9-04

Italian ryegrass control. Plains, 2010. 88 b Planted wheat on Nov 17 and treated Jan 19, 2 tiller ryegrass ACY 9-04

Hoelon at 2 pt/A on pre-tillering ryegrass is ideal!!!!! Hoelon Rate for POST on Wheat Ryegrass pt/acre 1- to 3 leaf 1.33 3- to 4-leaf 1.33 to 2 5-leaf, 2 tillers 2 to 2.67 These rates come straight off the Hoelon label. Note that one can save considerable money by timely application to smaller ryegrass. Hoelon at 2 pt/A on pre-tillering ryegrass is ideal!!!!!

Rotate modes of action, resistance is a huge issue! Axial XL (0.42 EC) Rate: 16.4 fl oz Timing: Ideally pre-tiller ryegrass Weeds: ryegrass only DO NOT CONFUSE THIS WITH AXIAL 0.83 EC as a different rate is needed…should be gone???? Rotate modes of action, resistance is a huge issue!

Osprey Rate: 4.75 oz/A Timing: Ideally pre-tiller ryegrass Adjuvant: NIS at 0.5% v/v plus ammonium nitrogen fertilizer at 1-2 qt/A Weeds: ryegrass, small radish, henbit and chickweed at 1” Rotation: 3 mo soybean or cotton Do not apply within 14 d of topdressing Rotate modes of action, resistance is a huge issue!

Italian ryegrass control by Osprey as affected by size. Avg Italian ryegrass control by Osprey as affected by size. Avg. 5 locations, North Carolina. 63 78 89 Data in this slide show the effect of ryegrass size at time of Osprey application on the level of control obtained. The point is control decreases as the ryegrass becomes larger. This emphasizes the need for timely application. ACY 9-04

Late-season ryegrass control by Osprey as affected by adjuvants. Avg Late-season ryegrass control by Osprey as affected by adjuvants. Avg. six locations, NC, 2002-2004. 93 63 30 96 ACY 9-04 The data here are NC results with adjuvants. Compared to no adjuvant (orange bar), a nonionic surfactant (blue bar) increased ryegrass control. However, MSO (red bar) was more effective than nonionic surfactant. Note, however, that adding UAN to NIS improved control (green bar), and control by Osprey plus NIS plus UAN was as good as control by Osprey plus MSO.

Rotate modes of action, resistance is a huge issue! PowerFlex Rate: 3.5 oz/A Timing: Ideally pre-tiller ryegrass Adjuvant: COC at 1% v/v Weeds: ryegrass, radish Rotation: soybean 5 mo, cotton 12 mo Rotate modes of action, resistance is a huge issue!

YOU WANT TO KEEP GROWING WHEAT?????? NEVER TREAT THE SAME GROUND WITH OSPREY OR POWERFLEX 2 YEARS IN A ROW NEVER TREAT THE SAME GROUND WITH HOELON OR AXIAL XL 2 YEARS IN A ROW Ryegrass resistance will likely occur within 2 to 3 years if you do not follow these guidelines!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

GA Confirmed ALS-Resistant Palmer Sites 2010 Georgia counties confirmed with Hoelon/Osprey/PowerFlex resistant ryegrass. GA Confirmed ALS-Resistant Palmer Sites

Annual Ryegrass Response to 4X Field Use Rates. Greenhouse. Tifton, GA Control % control HISTORY: Hoelon till it stopped working then Osprey at least one time per year since available.

Prowl H20 Labeled For Wheat Residual control/suppression of ryegrass Must apply to wheat from 1st leaf stage until before flag leaf. May mix with any currently labeled wheat herbicide. Will help on resistance!!!!

Late-season ryegrass control with Prowl H20 applied POST to 1 leaf wheat. Plains, GA. 2007.* 99 52 The data here are NC results with adjuvants. Compared to no adjuvant (orange bar), a nonionic surfactant (blue bar) increased ryegrass control. However, MSO (red bar) was more effective than nonionic surfactant. Note, however, that adding UAN to NIS improved control (green bar), and control by Osprey plus NIS plus UAN was as good as control by Osprey plus MSO. *Prowl H20 2.5 pt/A

Late-season ryegrass control with Prowl H20 applied in mixture with Osprey or Hoelon. Plains, GA. 2007.* 100 a 100 a 85 b 75 c The data here are NC results with adjuvants. Compared to no adjuvant (orange bar), a nonionic surfactant (blue bar) increased ryegrass control. However, MSO (red bar) was more effective than nonionic surfactant. Note, however, that adding UAN to NIS improved control (green bar), and control by Osprey plus NIS plus UAN was as good as control by Osprey plus MSO. *Prowl H20 2.5 pt/A; Hoelon 2 pt/A; Osprey4.75 oz + NIS and UAN.

Axiom Labeled For Wheat Spike application to wheat (pray the ryegrass is not up before product is activated) Generally 6 to 8 oz/A Excellent broadleaf control Ryegrass control is either good or very poor depending on when it emerges Only option for some growers due to resistance Injury can be significant if very heavy rains and cold conditions occur after application Will help on resistance!!!!

Annual bluegrass Limited knowledge and limited research Osprey and Axiom are good, PowerFlex????

Five tiller ryegrass and blooming radish. How good is Beyond in Clearfield Wheat compared to other ALS options? Tifton, 2010. 91 a 74 b 68 a 65 a 55 c 0 b Ryegrass Wild Radish Five tiller ryegrass and blooming radish. Osprey 4.76 oz + NIS + UAN, PowerFlex 3.5 oz + COC, Beyond 6 oz + UAN + COC ACY 9-04