Unit 9-Australia and Oceania
Melanesia
Melanesia Papua New Guinea Fiji The SolomonIslands New Caldonia (French Colony) Culture varies significantly New Guinea-Chimbu, have an egalitarian social structure
Micronesia
Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia Nauru Kiribati Guam (U.S. Territory) Mariana Islands (U.S. Territory) Several Languages and Cultures
Polynesia
Polynesia Samoa Tonga Tuvala Tahiti (largest island in Polynesia) Samoan Islands Similar Languages and Cultures
Early Migration Sturdy Canoes made lengthy voyages possible
European Colonization Europeans settle in 1800s Develop Commercial plantations Sugarcane, pineapples, and others Disease harms indigenous populations Bring in workers from South Asia During WWII Japan Controls much of the area After WWII Trust Territories: Dependent areas that the United Nations placed under temporary control of a Foreign Country
Independence 1962- Samoa first to become independent Today Most are independent Traditional beliefs have resurfaced Social structure is high priority Subsistence farming Strong Relationship to the Lands
Sports and Leisure Western-Style Resorts attract tourists Surfing Outrigger Canoe Racing Spear fishing Baseball Cycling Archery Soccer Volleyball Tennis
Language and Religion Isolated Groups 1,200 Languages (3000 total in world) some only spoken by a few hundred people French Pidgin English Religion: Christianity combined with traditional religious practices
Education and Healthcare Education Varies Fiji-93% Literacy, Papua New Guinea 57% women 71% men. Healthcare is uneven Poor economies and low standards of living. Remote Islands: Fresh food, electricity, schools, and hospitals inadequate International assistance necessary.