Winning With The most comprehensive partitioning solution in the world ! Note: This presentation is best viewed in animation mode.

What is Partitioning At the most granular level, it is the ability to divide a single CPU and its associated resources amongst various tasks to guarantee QOS levels On a server basis, it is the ability to support multiple instances of the operating system, thus facilitating isolation and optimization of the server At the infrastructure level, it is the ability to share and move resources and tasks to maximize utilization and, hence, ROI of computing systems

3 There are four basic concepts of computer partitioning that need to be understood and grasped to effectively interpret the product offerings of the 3 main vendors. The concepts are: - Processor virtualization - Processor affinity - Hard partitions - Soft partitions Partitioning Concepts Dont you hate concepts that dont mean anything to normal people Dont you hate concepts that dont mean anything to normal people Note: I/O and Memory can also be partitioned and virtualized

4 Processor virtualizationIs the complete virtualization of the execution environment (i.e. the execution environment executes on a virtual CPU) Processor AffinityIs the association of a physical CPU with the execution environment (i.e. the execution environment executes on a real CPU) Hard partitionsElectrical isolation of groups of CPUs, associated components and the execution environment Soft partitionsProgrammatic isolation of groups of CPUs, associated components and the execution environment Partitioning Definitions Name Description Complicated isn't it ? Bear with me for a moment longer Complicated isn't it ? Bear with me for a moment longer Note: I/O and Memory can also be partitioned and virtualized

5 Processor virtualizationIs the complete virtualization of the execution environment (i.e. the execution environment executes on a virtual CPU environment) Up side:You can have many more virtual executing environments than you have CPUs Down side:You lose up to 25% of the power of the machine to the partitioning virtualization system. Processor AffinityIs the association of a physical CPUs with the execution environment (i.e. the execution environment executes on a real CPU) Up side:There is little or no penalty for the partitioned system. Down side:You can only have as many partitions as you have physical CPUs. Processor virtualization verses processor affinity

6 How to understand computer partitioning…. Imagine you live in a house…. And the house is wonderful because you can have as many rooms as you want... The only draw back to the totally virtualized house is that the walls are very thick and use about 25% of the total space of the house So the effective space left is only 75% of the house.. The computer equivalent is a processor virtualized partitioning system like Lpars processor virtualized partitioning systems have the advantage of allowing more partitions than CPUs However, processor virtualization has a significant performance overhead of up to 25% (a high price to pay)….

7 So what is the alternative Opportunities Imagine you bought a house…. And the house was just what you wanted… more or less And if your new house could magically combine and then separate rooms when you wanted And the only rule was that you would have a limit to the number of rooms in the house But the upside was there was no 25% penalty for the flexibility.. -> The computer equivalent is a processor affinity partitioning system like HP-UX vPars

8 How to understand hard partitioning…. Imagine you bought an apartment complex And it was a special complex because you could dynamically change the size of each apartment at will And even when you changed the size of the apartments by moving space between them they remain completely isolated... The computer equivalent is hard partitioning Hard partitioning provides electrically isolated partitions on the same server And these partition have resources that can be moved between them dynamically... Hard partitioning is like having several servers in the same physical box. Except that you can dynamically change the size of the servers. So, how are hard partitions different from virtual or soft (software) partitions...

9 Hard partitions Soft/virtual partitions Electrical isolationSoftware isolation Can perform hardware mainten-Cannot perform hardware mainten- ance on one without affecting the others Suitable for mixing productionNot suitable for mixing R&D and and R&D environmentsproduction environments Suitable for hosting multiple Not suitable for mixing customers or customers or entitiesdifferent financial entities

10 nPartition 2 development HP Partitioning- vPars within nPars nPartition 1 test- HPUX 11i + latest patch cpu0 CC memory I/O cpu1 cpu2cpu3 memory cpu0 CC memory I/O cpu1 cpu2cpu3 memory cpu0 CC memory I/O cpu1 cpu2cpu3 memory cpu0 CC memory I/O cpu1 cpu2cpu3 memory cpu0 CC memory I/O cpu1 cpu2cpu3 memory cpu0 CC memory I/O cpu1 cpu2cpu3 memory cpu0 CC memory I/O cpu1 cpu2cpu3 memory cpu0 CC memory I/O cpu1 cpu2cpu3 memory vPar 2 HPUX11i + web vPar 3 HPUX 11i, large I/O buffer cache vPar 4 HPUX 11i, tuned for large memory vPar 1 HPUX 11i + batch cpu0 CC memory I/O cpu1 cpu2cpu3 memory cpu0 CC memory I/O cpu1 cpu2cpu3 memory cpu0 CC memory I/O cpu1 cpu2cpu3 memory cpu0 CC memory I/O cpu1 cpu2cpu3 memory cpu0 CC memory I/O cpu1 cpu2cpu3 memory cpu0 CC memory I/O cpu1 cpu2cpu3 memory electrical h/w isolation If you have both hard and soft/virtual partitions (like HP-UX nPartitions and vPars), You can have the electrical isolation of hard partitions, With the flexibility of virtual partitions

The most comprehensive solution - Competitive Positioning - Competitive Comparison

12 The most comprehensive partitioning offering for the UNIX operating system Hard partitions Soft partitions Integration with goal- based workload mgmtt Dynamic reconfig. of soft partitions Dynamic reconfig. of hard partitions nParsvPars

Practical uses of Partitioning - Resource utilization - Server Consolidation

HP-UX Virtual Partitions: multiple O/S instances per nPartition with S/W & resource isolation, and flexibility increased system utilization up to 80-90%, since additional partitions can use unused parts of system greater flexibility multiple independent OSs 1 CPU granularity per vPar dynamic movement of CPU power between vPars resources not tied to physical config. (like hard partitions) vPars on low to high-end isolation of OS, applications, resources individual reconfig & reboot HP-UX Revisio n A.1 HP-UX Revisio n A.2 HP-UX Revisio n B.3 Dept. A App 1 Dept. B App 2 Dept. B App 3 1st Unix software partitioning vPar Monitor New w/ HP-UX 11i New w/ HP-UX 11i Built on HP resiliency with performance & availability HP Restricted

HP-UX Rev X Dept.A App 1 HP-UX Rev Y Dept. B App 1 HP-UX Rev X Dept. A App 1 HP-UX Rev Y Dept. B App 1 HP-UX Rev Z Dept. B App 2 HP-UX Rev X Dept. A App 1 WLM WLM Rules Sets Business need defines the relative priority and response time for the various applications Dynamic feedback from vPars regarding load and response times Dynamic adjustment of resources by migration of CPUs between vpars when required HP-UX Rev Y Dept. B App 1 HP-UX Rev Z Dept. B App 2 HP-UX Rev X Dept. A App 1 HP-UX Rev Y Dept. B App 1 HP-UX Rev Z Dept. B App 2 HP-UX Rev X Dept. A App 1 HP-UX Rev Y Dept. B App 1 HP-UX Rev Z Dept. B App 2 HP-UX Rev X Dept. A App 1 Resource Utilization

MCSG Backup Server Discrete Application Servers HP-UX Rev X Dept. A App 1 HP-UX Rev X Low priority task HP- UX Rev Z App 1 HP- UX Rev X App 2 HP- UX Rev A App 3 HP- UX Rev T App 4 HP- UX Rev A App 5 HP- UX Rev Z App 6 HP- UX Rev X Low prior ity task HP- UX Rev Z App 1 HP- UX Rev X App 2 HP-UX Rev A App 3 HP- UX Rev T App 4 HP- UX Rev A App 5 HP- UX Rev Z App 6 WLM Rules Sets Business need defines the relative priority and response time for the various applications WLM Product Dynamic adjustment of resources by migration of CPUs between vpars when required Server Consolidation

Other Information Sources ESP "vParsindex" :2000/nav24/ext/vpars/sr/i ndex.htm :2000/nav24/ext/vpars/sr/i ndex.htm