Fundamentals of Government: Political Philosophies

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Presentation transcript:

Fundamentals of Government: Political Philosophies Unit 1

Philosophies Section 1

Political Philosophies that shaped the U.S. Government Key Ideas: Limited Government (Magna Carta) Government is not all powerful Power of the government should be limited, not absolute Provides protection against unjust punishment and loss of life, liberty and property Taxation requires representation

Political Philosophies that shaped the U.S. Government Key Ideas: Rule of Law (English Bill of Rights) Set clear limits on what rulers can and cannot do Representation for the people required to rule

Political Philosophies that shaped the U.S. Government Key Ideas: Petition of Right Parliament document on liberties and rights of the people that no freeman should be forced to pay any tax, loan, or benevolence, unless in accordance with an act of parliament; that no freeman should be imprisoned contrary to the laws of the land; that soldiers and sailors should not be billeted on private persons; commissions to punish soldiers and sailors by martial law should be abolished.

Philosophers Section 2

Philosophers: Thomas Hobbes Believed people need to create a government for protection Give people natural rights of equality, freedom Absolute power given to a sovereign

Philosophers: John Locke Required a social contract to assure peace Natural rights (inalienable) can not be taken away Social contract was an agreement between people and king (leader) People give up some of their natural rights to ensure protection of the government People had a responsibility to revolt if king (leader) violated those natural rights Favored a representative type government

Philosophers: Charles Montesquieu State of nature: people want to live in a society for protection Believed in a separation of powers

Philosophers: Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1762 – Social Contract Theory Favored a direct democracy type government People will hold all political power “We the People”