China
Tuesday Please read 64-71
Geography Civilization developed in the Yellow River Valley of North China Most of China’s population was (and is) concentrated in river valleys and along the coast
Huang He, aka “Yellow River”
The Shang Dynasty First Chinese dynasty (1750 BCE) Developed new techniques for making bronze Oracle bones and shells were used by priests for fortune telling
Chinese writing Logographic system Still in use after 3000 years
The Zhou Dynasty Invaded and conquered Shang China in 1122 BCE Believed their conquest was a result of the “Mandate of Heaven” Ended with the Warring States Period Longest lasting Chinese dynasty
Chinese Culture Zhou and the Dynastic Cycle 1027bc overthrew the Shang 1. Mandate of Heaven a. Divine approval- Mandate of Heaven b. Dynastic cycle- rise and fall of dynasties 2. Control through Feudalism a. Different regions were controlled by different families b. Feudalism
The Dynastic Cycle Start here A new dynasty comes to power. The emperor reforms the govt. & makes it more efficient. Emperor is defeated !! Lives of common people improved; taxes reduced; farming encouraged. The Dynastic Cycle Rebel bands find strong leader who unites them. Attack the emperor. Problems begin (extensive wars, invasions, etc.) Poor lose respect for govt. They join rebels & attack landlords. Taxes increase; men forced to work for army. Farming neglected. Droughts, floods, famines occur. Govt. increases spending; corruption.
The Warring States Period Weakening of Zhou authority led to division into many smaller states Constantly fought each other Ended only when the state of Qin conquered all other states, unified all of China, and leader became the first emperor
Confucianism Daoism Legalism
Confucianism Filial piety Hierarchical relationships Ren – ultimate virtue; perfect goodness, humanity Moral cultivation Gentlemanly conduct
5 Relationships of Confucianism 1. Ruler and subject 2. Father and son 3. Husband and wife 4. Oldest son and younger brothers 5. Elders and juniors (friends)
How they treat each other 1. Benevolence in rulers, loyalty in ministers and subjects 2. Kindness in the father, filial piety in the son 3. Righteous behavior in the husband, obedience in the wife 4. Gentility in the oldest son, humility and respect in the younger siblings 5. Humane consideration in elders, deference in juniors.
T(d)aoism the Way (Tao) – the whole natural order Establish harmony with the tao Noninterference with the course of natural events "The Tao that can be spoken of is not the eternal Tao." "The Name that can be named is not the eternal Name."
Legalism Effective laws and procedures Strict and automatic punishments Ruler's decisions must always command the respect and obedience of the people Qin Shi Huang, first emperor of China
Chinese Culture Zhou and the Dynastic Cycle 1027bc overthrew the Shang 1. Mandate of Heaven a. Divine approval- Mandate of Heaven b. Dynastic cycle- rise and fall of dynasties 2. Control through Feudalism a. Different regions were controlled by different families b. Feudalism