RECONSTRUCTION GUIDED NOTES: IMPACT OF RECONSTRUCTION ON GA Reconstruction in Georgia was a time of major change in the state following the devastation of the Civil War. era lasted for a relatively short period of time (1865-1872) After the Civil War, much of Georgia was __________________________ after Sherman’s March and four years of fighting. Over ____________________ Georgians had been killed or wounded and many had lost their land entirely. Due to the damage inflicted the United States attempted to reconstruct the South and used ________________ different plans from 1865-1871 to do so.

PRESIDENTIAL RECONSTRUCTION LINCOLN’S PLAN (1865) Lincoln’s plan sought to help the South re-enter the Union quickly to _________________ the wounds of the war. President Lincoln’s plan to allow Southern states back into the Union was simple: All southerners, except for high-ranking Confederate civil and military leaders, would be pardoned after taking an ___________ of allegiance to the United States His plan allowed for a Southern state to be readmitted into the Union if 10% of the population swore an oath of allegiance to the United States. required to ratify the _________________________________, which officially ended slavery in the United States.

LINCOLN’S ASSASSINATION On April 14, 1865 Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes _______________, an actor who was a Southern sympathizer. Lincoln was ___________ in the back of the head in his theater box while watching a play.

PRESIDENTIAL RECONSTRUCTION JOHNSON’S PLAN (1865-1866) President Johnson, was from the South, therefore he was extremely lenient with the southern states. His plan was very similar to Lincoln’s, except he extended the group not granted general pardons to those who owned property worth more than _______________________. Trouble began brewing again between the southern states and the Republican controlled Congress when several former confederate leaders were elected back into the fold. In Georgia, former Confederate Vice President Alexander Stephens was elected as a Senator. “________________________________________________,” (Northern Senators ) who favored harsher punishments for the South, refused to seat former Confederate leaders in the Senate Radical Republicans were appalled at the South’s treatment of the freedmen under laws that were called __________________________________________.

RECONSTRUCTION AMENDMENTS 13TH AMENDMENT (1865) 14TH AMENDMENT (1868) A Constitutional Amendment that officially _____________slavery A Constitutional Amendment that granted _____________________ to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former ______________________ recently freed. ______________protection under the Constitution for all citizens. 15TH AMENDMENT (1870) A Constitutional Amendment that prohibits states from denying ______________________ to citizens based on race, color or previous condition of servitude. Allowed black ________________ the right to vote (____________________).

BLACK CODES Laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War; under these laws, blacks were ___________________________ (not allowed to vote), testify against whites in court, and could not serve as _____________________. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' ________________________ ___, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt.

AFRICAN AMERICANS IN POLITICS In 1867, _____________________ _____________________and a few other black men were elected to the Georgia Senate. They were kicked out in 1868 on the grounds that the Constitution gave blacks the right to _______________, but not hold ___________________.

KU KLUX KLAN (KKK) An organization designed to limit African Americans from exercising their rights. Members dressed in white __________________ and hoods so no one would recognize them. Terrorized and intimidated blacks from _____________. Several reports of beatings, whippings and murders that often went ____________________.

CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION (1866-1867) Congress passed the Reconstruction Act of ______________. This act lumped the South into five military districts with Georgia, Alabama, and Florida making up the third district. Under ______________________ Reconstruction General John Pope served as the third district’s 1st military governor. During this period, Georgia held another constitutional convention, this time in Atlanta. During this convention, Georgia created a new constitution that included a provision for black voting, public schools, and moving the capital to Atlanta. After this convention, Republican Rufus Bullock was elected Governor and the Republican controlled General Assembly began its session. However, the military continued to be a presence in the state due to the continued actions of the KKK and Georgia’s refusal to pass the 15th amendment which gave African-American men the right to vote. Georgia was finally readmitted into the ______________________________ when reinstated Republican and black legislators voted for the passage of the 15th amendment. However, by 1872 southern Democrats called the “redeemers” were voted back into office and took control of the Governorship and General Assembly.

SHARECROPPER VS TENANT FARMER Most African Americans in the South were forced to work as sharecroppers or laborers, for jobs were not all open to them. Tenant Farmer: Brought “something to the table” ie, _______________________, plow, mules, seed, fertilizer and, of course, his labor Sharecropper: Brought only his __________________ to the “table” Land-owners always had the upper hand. Perhaps for the first time since colonization, there was a lot of labor for the land as opposed to a shortage of labor

TYPICAL SHARECROPPING “CONTRACT” After the harvest, sharecropper would go to the land-owner to settle debt Land owners charged sharecroppers for “furnish”, ie, food, clothes, seed, etc. Given the social structure, black (and poor white) sharecroppers were in no position to challenge the while land-owners record keeping or figures Blacks were taken advantage of by the white land owners who could barely read or write

FREEDMAN’S BUREAU Federal ___________________ established to help BOTH former slaves and poor whites Initially helped with the ______________________ ___: provided education, training, and social services for newly freed slaves Over time, focus shifted to: ______________________ _____ 4,000 primary schools 64 industrial schools (work skills) 74 teacher training schools