Part 1: Plant Reproduction Asexual and Sexual

Definition of Plant Reproduction Process by which organisms duplicate themselves Propagation Deliberate reproduction of plants either sexually or asexually.

Sexual and Asexual Reproduction Through formation of seeds Requires two sex cells or gametes Formed by meiosis Each requires one set of chromosomes (haploidal) Two gametes form cell with two sets of chromosomes (diploidal) Zygote

Sexual and Asexual Reproduction Vegetative process Eliminates genetic variation Facilitated by combination of: Mitosis Normal division of cell nucleus Cytokinesis Completion of division and formation of cell wall

Sexual and Asexual Reproduction Homologous Chromosomes Produce different plants Homozygous Chromosomes Produce nearly exact duplicates

Cootie Catcher Review Using the template provided, follow the instructions to make your very own cootie catcher. To label the cootie catcher, put colors on the front, numbers on the inside and definitions under the flaps. You will have four main flaps to write the definitions of the following terms: Reproduction Propagation Sexual Propagation Asexual Propagation

Breaking down Sexual and Asexual Propagation Part 2: Breaking down Sexual and Asexual Propagation

Sexual Propagation Sexual Reproduction: Uses seeds in one of two ways: The union of the female and male sex cells to produce a seed (embryo). Ovule: female sex cell. Pollen: male sex cell. Embryo (seed-germ): an immature plant. Sexual reproduction involves the creation of a genetically new individual. Uses seeds in one of two ways: Scarification Breaking seed coat to permit water uptake by embryo Stratification Exposure of seed to low temperatures Destroys growth inhibitors Occurs naturally during winter

Benefits of Sexual Propagation Less expensive than asexual Faster than Asexual It is the only way to get new varieties of plants Some plants can only produce sexually

Show What You Know! In your own words, describe sexual propagation. List two benefits of sexual propagation. Differentiate between the two types of ways seeds are used in sexual propagation.

Asexual Propagation The reproduction of a plant without the uniting of a pollen or ovule. Can be referred to as vegetative propagation since no seed is involved. Uses vegetative parts of existing stock plant to grow new plants called daughter plants. Leaves, stem or roots The daughter plant will have traits identical to those of the plant which they were derived, also called a clone Clones New plants reproduced asexually from single plant Ramet Individual plant within clone Clonal Varieties Important plants propagated almost totally by asexual means

Types of Asexual Propagation Cutting Using a short section of plant stems for propagation.

Types of Asexual Propagation Layering Involves getting roots to grow from the stem. I.e., magnolia tree

Types of Asexual Propagation Budding Taking a bud from one plant and moving it to another.

Types of Asexual Propagation Separation Using vegetative structures are separated from the parent plant as a natural means of reproducing.

Types of Asexual Propagation Grafting Placing a section of a stem of one plant onto another plant.

Types of Asexual Propagation Tissue culture Taking a group of cells or a single cell and growing it to a plant.

Benefits of Asexual Propagation True traits of the parents Maintains genetic purity with 100% replication of parent plant. Produces more plants faster No seed Some plants do not produce a seed or the seeds are too small to work with.

Show What You Know! In your own words, define asexual propagation. List the benefits of asexual propagation. List the types of asexual propagation and give one key word for each type.

Exit Ticket…… ________ is the deliberate reproduction of plants either sexually or asexually. The process by which organisms duplicate themselves is called____________. Homologous produces ________ plants and homozygous produces __________ plants. Define asexual propagation. Define sexual propagation. Explain the processes that facilitate asexual propagation. List the benefits of sexual and asexual propagation. Select three types of asexual propagation and describe the process of each.