Comparison of Arteries, Veins and Capillaries and the Lymphatic System

Arteries, Veins and Capillaries S=Arteries & veins have same three layers D=artery layers thicker D=Capillaries have one layer D=Arteries have small cavity (lumen) vs large in veins D=Capillaries - small enough one cell can pass through D=Arterial moves thru pressure D=Venous gets help from muscle movement S=All carry blood cells S=all are flexible S=All have lumen inside (space)

Arteries, Veins and Capillaries D=Veins have valves arteries do not D=Veins take blood to heart, arteries away D=Main function of capillaries is exchange D=Pressure is greater in arteries D=All arteries contain oxygenated blood except for pulmonary

Valves in Veins

Arteries, Veins and Capillaries (cont) D=All veins carry deoxygenated blood except for pulmonary D=Veins are closer to the surface and arteries are deep D=Capillaries are found everywhere

Lymphatic Vs. Cardiovascular S=Both Circulate Fluid D=Same fluid, but called plasma in CV & Lymph in lymphatic S=Vessels have same 3 layers D=Lymphatic vessels have anchors

Lymphatic Capillaries Anchors

Lymphatic Vs. Cardiovascular S=Lymphatic capillaries closely associated with blood capillaries D=lymphatic vessels thinner than arteries S=Veins and Lymphatic vessels have valves D=Arterial fluid moves with arterial pressure S=lymphatic & venous fluid move with help from muscles

Lymphatic Vs. Cardiovascular D=Lymph empties into Superior Vena Cava from R & L subclavian veins S=Fluid goes in one direction D=lymph moves slower S=Both transport D=Transport different substances S=Both have capillaries D=Lymphatic more numerous

Tonsils 5 tonsils 1 Pharyngeal (adenoid) 2 Palatine 2 Lingual 1 2 2 Contain lymphocytes M.A.L.T. ORGAN 5 tonsils 1 Pharyngeal (adenoid) 2 Palatine 2 Lingual 1 2 2

Spleen Largest Lymph organ Filter Blood - fight infection 7 Spleen Largest Lymph organ Filter Blood - fight infection Blood reservoir Recycles red blood cell parts

Thymus Gets smaller with age Located posterior to sternum Helps mature T-Lymphocytes

Lymph Nodes small oval masses of lymphoid tissue Mostly lymphocytes concentrated in the neck, armpit, groin, and abdominal cavity

Lymph Nodes Flow one direction nodes filter lymph afferent vessels lead in efferent vessels exit at hilus nodes filter lymph

Bone Marrow: Lymphopoiesis

Lymphatic Capillaries Where fluid enters lymphatic circulation Located by blood capillaries

Movement of Lymph flows by pressure gradients moves toward heart skeletal muscle action and respiratory muscle pumps assisted by one way valves

Antigens Vs. Antibodies Antigens are foreign particles that enter the body Antibodies are proteins (B cells) that target antigens for destruction

T Cells Different T Cell Lines: -Cytoxic--Killer T Cells - Helper T Cells - Memory T Cells -Suppressor T Cells

B Cells Different B Cell Lines: Plasma Cells = antibodies Target cells and help fight by neutralization,agglutination,activating complement, atract WBC, enhance phagocytosis, inflammation Memory B Cells—Antibodies from previous infection

Immunity Acquired natural: exposed and produces antibodies Induced active: given the vaccination (artificial) Passive natural immunity-- can be passing of antibodies from the mother to fetus and the mother to baby as she breastfeeds Induced passive—given antibodies

End

Lymph Trunks & Ducts

Lymphatic Vessels & Circulation

Lymphatic System vs. Cadiovascular

Lymphatic Vessels & Circulation Capillaries that begin as closed-ended tubes found in spaces between cells Combine to form lymphatic vessels resemble veins with thin walls & more valves Fluid flows through lymph nodes towards large veins above the heart

Lymphatic System

Lymphatic Organs

Lymphatic organs

Lymphatic organs, cont

Antigen Vs. Antibody, Cell-Mediated vs Antibody, Natural and Acquired Immmunity

T cells Directly attack antigens and antigen infected cells Cytotoxic T-Cells—Ingest antigens or poison them. (aka Killer T-cells) Helper T-Cells Release a variety of chemicals which help to coordinate specific and nonspecific defenses,

T cells Memory T-Cells Store a code of the antigen which may be used if the antigen appears a second time. Change to killer cells if antigens appears a second time. Suppressor T-Cells Stop the responses of the T-cells and the B-cells when the level of the antigen has decreased.

B cells Plasma cells, sometimes referred to as B-plasma cells, make and secrete large numbers of antibodies that will fight against antigens Memory B-cells help in the response to a second exposure to the same antigens

Antigens vs. Antibodies Antibodies are globular proteins produced by B-plasma cells that bind to antigens