22-2: ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES PP. 435-444

Pollution Putting substances that cause unintended harm into the air, soil, water, or noise

GREENHOUSE AFFECT the ability to trap heat keeps our planet warm and habitable

GLOBAL WARMING Excess CO2 released from burning of fossil fuels Possible correlation between temperature and CO2 levels Adds to the “greenhouse” to trapping heat Estimated that earth’s average temp with increase by 2 degrees in the next 100 years.

Ocean Acidification CO2 dissolve rate increases with increasing temperature carbon dioxide (CO2) reacts with bicarbonate (H2CO3) to produce carbonic acid (HCO−) and carbonate (CO2−) and H+ Leads to acidification

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HOLE IN THE OZONE LAYER O3 (ozone) blocks radiation CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) from refrigerators and propellants break down ozone Localized in southern hemisphere and increased in size over time

ACID RAIN Burning of coal produces H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) and burning of gasoline produces HNO3 (nitric acid)

ACID RAIN These pollutants enter the atmosphere to form acidic water (acid rain) Changing pH causes diseases or death in trees, fish, and other organisms.

LAND AND WATER POLLUTION Bioaccumulation: pollutant from the environment enters the food chain through the lowest level Biomagnification: increase in concentration of a pollutant moving up the food chain

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ECOSYSTEM DESTRUCTION Extinction due to imbalances removing keystone species habitat destruction (logging, damming rivers, draining swamps)

ECOSYSTEM DESTRUCTION Extinction due to imbalances Over hunting/fishing Introduction of invasive non-native species Most dominant cause of the reduction in biodiversity

Earth’s history shows times of mass extinctions ARROWS INDICATE MASS EXTINCTION Earth’s history shows times of mass extinctions estimated by 2030, 20% of species will be gone