The Russian Alphabet Russian 101.

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Presentation transcript:

The Russian Alphabet Russian 101

Outline Administrative Handwriting notes Alphabet The story of Э́рик New letters Review Handwriting practice The story of Э́рик

Course web site http://blackboard.ncc.edu/webct/entryPageIns.dowebct (WebCT/Blackboard)

Handwriting Notes л, м, я begin with a hook http://www.brown.edu/Departments/LRC/RU_writing/index.htm

Group 1 Letters that look and sound more or less like their English counterparts

A а

Е е

З з

К к

М м

О о

С с

Т т

Group 2 Letters that look and sound more or less like their Greek counterparts

Б б

В в

Г г

Д д

Ё ё

Л л

Н н

П п

Р р

У у

Ф ф

Х х

Group 3 Letters without obvious English or Greek counterparts

Ж ж

И и

Й й

Ц ц

Ч ч

Ш ш

Щ щ

Ъ ъ

Ы ы

Ь ь

Э э

Ю ю

Я я

Hard and Soft Consonants, part 1 Most consonant letters may be pronunced either hard or soft Soft = pronounce a “y” sound simultaneously with the consonant та, тя Hardness or softness is indicated by the letter following the consonant

Hard and Soft Consonants, part 2 A consonant followed by a soft sign (ь) is soft мат ‘checkmate’ мать ‘mother’ A consonant followed by a soft vowel letter is soft Hard: э, о, ы, у, а (та) Soft: е, ё, и, ю, я (тя) Otherwise a consonant is hard A few consonants are always hard or always soft, regardless of what follows (more about this next time)

Stress Almost all Russian words have exactly one stress: ма́́ма Most Russian words are pronounced the way they are spelled, except that some unstressed vowels change their pronunciation

Vowel “reduction”, part 1 Textbook, pp. 12–13 Rule 1: о > а in syllable immediately before stress or at very beginning of word профе́ссор ‘professor’ Оклахо́ма ‘Oklahoma’ Rule 2: о/а > ə (“uh”) in other unstressed syllables

Vowel “reduction”, part 2 Rule 3, part 1: unstressed е/я > i not at end of word Петербу́рг ‘Saint Petersburg’ Rule 3, part 2: unstressed я > yə (“yuh”) at end of word Япо́ния ‘Japan’

да́ yes

не́т no

па́па papa

ма́ма mama

сала́т salad; lettuce

сала́т salad; lettuce

но́с nose

па́рк park

до́ктор doctor

термо́метр thermometer

метео́р meteor

терро́р terror

тра́ктор tractor

дра́ма drama

фа́кт fact

фро́нт (military) front

та́нк (military) tank

пате́нт patent (noun)

пла́н plan

гра́мм gram

го́л (sports) goal

мета́лл metal

телегра́ф telegraph

телегра́мма telegram

а́нгел angel

сена́т senate

сена́тор senator

ветера́н veteran

вера́нда veranda

Во́лга Volga

студе́нт student

а́вгуст August

вулка́н volcano

таба́к tobacco

ба́р bar (for drinking)

бале́т ballet

парла́мент parliament

база́р bazaar

фо́рмула formula

хара́ктер character (person)

newspaper (cf. gazette) газе́та newspaper (cf. gazette)

Ко́ка-Ко́ла Coca-Cola

кафе́ cafe

суперма́ркет supermarket

рестора́н restaurant

Макдо́налдс Macdonald’s

сало́н (beauty) salon

туале́т toilet (bathroom)

метро́ metro (subway)

спо́рт sports

теа́тр theater

Москва́ Moscow

Са́нкт-Петербу́рг Saint Petersburg

клу́б club

ба́нк bank

ка́сса cash register

а́дрес address

toast (bread; something you propose when drinking) то́ст toast (bread; something you propose when drinking)

космона́вт cosmonaut

Да́ллас Dallas

Оклахо́ма Oklahoma

Ома́ха Omaha

по́рт port

со́рт sort

до́нор donor

но́та (musical) note

панора́ма panorama

пропага́нда propaganda

Атла́нта Atlanta

Теха́с Texas

Кана́да Canada

Вермо́нт Vermont

Ту́сон Tucson

Бо́стон Boston

Канза́с Kansas

Небра́ска Nebraska

одеколо́н (eau de) cologne

Квебе́к Quebec

ма́рт March

камко́рдер camcorder

сту́л chair (cf. stool)

Ло́ндон London

сига́ра cigar

Ната́ша Natasha

Ива́н Ivan

Пу́тин Putin

Аме́рика America

матема́тика mathematics

Бори́с Boris

Влади́мир Vladimir

Ле́нин Lenin

Ста́лин Stalin

ра́дио radio

радиа́тор radiator

А́рктика Arctic

А́фрика Africa

Анта́рктика Antarctica

капита́н captain

ми́тинг (political) meeting

грани́т granite

аспири́н aspirin

(government) minister мини́стр (government) minister

систе́ма system

сигна́л signal

авиа́тор aviator

витами́н vitamin

вампи́р vampire

университе́т university

литерату́ра literature

пу́блика public

президе́нт president

фи́зика physics

фи́зик physicist

би́знес business

кри́зис crisis

те́хника technology

меха́ник mechanic

хокке́й hockey

ли́фт elevator

Бу́ш (George) Bush

Росси́я Russia

Нью́-Йо́рк New York

Ита́лия Italy

Герма́ния Germany

А́нглия England

а́рмия army

фанта́зия fantasy

апре́ль April

культу́ра culture

календа́рь calendar

медици́на medicine

ци́рк circus

цеме́нт cement

Вашингто́н Washington

цивилиза́ция civilization

маши́на machine, automobile

гало́ши galoshes

шарлата́н charlatan

Хрущёв Khrushchev

бо́рщ borshch

э́кспорт export

эскала́тор escalator

эква́тор equator

поэ́т poet

Югосла́вия Yugoslavia

ю́мор humor

бюрокра́т bureaucrat

нюа́нс nuance

мира́ж mirage

журна́л magazine (cf. journal)

журнали́ст journalist

жасми́н jasmine

жира́ф giraffe

жаке́т (woman’s) jacket

чемпио́н champion

Шанха́й Shanghai

ма́й May (month)

ге́йзер geyser

Чайко́вский Tchaikovsky

му́зыка music

шашлы́к shashlik

Пе́пси-Ко́ла Pepsi-Cola

такси́ taxi

кокте́йль cocktail

ча́й tea

сандви́ч sandwich

пи́цца pizza

галере́я gallery

ла́нч lunch

сувени́р souvenir

кази́но casino

бюро́ office

информа́ция information

ке́тчуп ketchup

сюрпри́з surprise

Е́льцин Yeltsin

дискоте́ка discotheque

проду́кты produce

Че́хов Chekhov

Достое́вский Dostoevsky

Ло́с-А́нджелес Los Angeles

Айда́хо Idaho

Айо́ва Iowa

Ро́д-А́йленд Rhode Island

Ога́йо Ohio

ба́нджо banjo

Чика́го Chicago

Цинцинна́ти Cincinnati

Са́н-Франци́ско San Francisco

юри́ст lawyer

янва́рь January

февра́ль February

ию́нь June

ию́ль July

сентя́брь September

октя́брь October

ноя́брь November

дека́брь December

пиани́но (upright) piano

гита́ра guitar

при́нтер (computer) printer

дива́н couch (cf. divan)

грейпфру́т grapefruit

Пенсильва́ния Pennsylvania

Аля́ска Alaska

Гава́йи Hawai’i

Вайо́минг Wyoming

Берли́н Berlin

A а А а

Б б

В в

Г г

Д д

Е е

Ё ё

Ж ж

З з

И и

Й й

К к

Л л

М м

Н н

О о

П п

Р р

С с

Т т

У у

Ф ф

Х х

Ц ц

Ч ч

Ш ш

Щ щ

Ъ ъ

Ы ы

Ь ь

Э э

Ю ю

Я я