Volume 119, Issue 3, Pages 829-836 (September 2000) Activation of adenosine A1–receptor pathway induces edema formation in the pancreas of rats  Akihiko Satoh, Tooru Shimosegawa, Kennichi Satoh, Harunobu Ito, Yutaka Kohno, Atsushi Masamune, Motokazu Fujita, Takayoshi Toyota  Gastroenterology  Volume 119, Issue 3, Pages 829-836 (September 2000) DOI: 10.1053/gast.2000.16502 Copyright © 2000 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Time course of serum amylase activity after administration of adenosine-receptor agonists. Rats were injected IP with 1 mL saline (■), 3 mg/kg CCPA (○), 3 mg/kg CGS (●), or 0.75 mg/kg IB-MECA (□). Each result was obtained in 10 rats; data are means ± SEM. Vertical bars denote SEM; absence of such bars indicates that the SEM is too small to illustrate. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01; significant difference compared with saline-treated group. Gastroenterology 2000 119, 829-836DOI: (10.1053/gast.2000.16502) Copyright © 2000 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Effects of adenosine-receptor agonists on pancreatic tissue edema. Rats were injected IP with saline (□, control), 3 mg/kg CCPA (■), 3 mg/kg CGS (▩), or 0.75 mg/kg IB-MECA (▨). Pancreatic edema was evaluated as described in Materials and Methods. Each result was obtained in 8 rats; data are means ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01; significant difference compared with saline-treated group. Gastroenterology 2000 119, 829-836DOI: (10.1053/gast.2000.16502) Copyright © 2000 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Light-microscopic photographs of the pancreas. (A) Pancreas from normal rat. (B) Pancreas 24 hours after administration of 3 mg/kg CCPA (original magnification 50×). Remarkable interstitial edema, hemorrhage, and inflammatory cell infiltration to the interstitium can be seen. A few vacuoles are seen in acinar cells. Gastroenterology 2000 119, 829-836DOI: (10.1053/gast.2000.16502) Copyright © 2000 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Effects of CCPA or CCPA plus FK-838 on the pancreatic blood flow. Rats were injected IP with saline (□, control), 3 mg/kg CCPA (■), or 3 mg/kg CCPA plus 10 mg/kg FK-838 (▩). FK-838 was given IP 30 minutes before CCPA. Each result was obtained in 10 rats; data are means ± SEM. **P < 0.01; significant difference compared with saline-treated group. Gastroenterology 2000 119, 829-836DOI: (10.1053/gast.2000.16502) Copyright © 2000 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Immunoreactivities of adenosine (A) A1 receptor, (B and C) A2a receptor, and (D) A3 receptor in the pancreas of normal rats (original magnification 50×). Gastroenterology 2000 119, 829-836DOI: (10.1053/gast.2000.16502) Copyright © 2000 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions