DNA Fingerprinting of Garlic Accessions Workpackage 1: Genetic Resources DNA Fingerprinting of Garlic Accessions Ria Vrielink Chris Kik Sjaak van Heusden

Screening for genetic variation Method: AFLP-fingerprinting ( "fast and indicative") Standard: Maass and Klaas dendrogram Theor Appl Genet (1995) 91:89-97 Question: How representative is our garlic collection for the whole gene pool of garlic?

Group Number Origin Ia 2 Georgia/Caucasus Ic 3 Slovakia/Georgia/Caucasus IIa 2 Korea/China IIb 3 Yugoslavia/Romenia IIc 6 Slovakia/Georgia/Caucasus/Italy/Korea IId 3 Georgia/Caucasus III 6 Romenia/Georgia/Caucasus/USA/Australia IVb 3 Korea/Japan IVe 2 China/Kazakstan

Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) Many markers possible Reliable No prior sequence knowledge necessary Genome wide distribution

Garlic groups III I and IV IIa,b; IIc,d V

One AFLP enzymeprimer combination 97076 97078 99005 99006 99007 99008 99066 99067 99068 99069 97015 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Result: 20 informative differences

Garlic accessions to be analyzed From collection Gatersleben 139 accessions for comparison with Maass and Klaas some new accessions in garlic collection Own G&H collection of 84 accessions R. Kamenetsky, H.D. Rabinowitch, L. van Soest and others

1997 Garlic Accessions II c,d No accesions II a,b 3 accesions I a,b,c Outgroup All143 All649 All782 All793 All804 All827 All839 All853 All936 All854 All816 All812 All808 All655 97355 97068 All822 97066 All820 97080 97073 All784 97065 All792 97360 97357 97356 97354 97353 97015 97078 97076 97081 Tax452 All908 All785 All766 97086 97085 97087 97084 97083 97089 97088 97092 97091 All129 97072 97071 97070 97069 97067 All877 97082 97075 All787 All902 All901 All845 All842 All652 II c,d No accesions II a,b 3 accesions I a,b,c 5 accesions 2 in “core” 4 accesions 2 in “core” IV b IV a,b,c,d 11 accesions 2 in “core” III

III I and IV II a,b; II c,d V 1997 accessions 6/14 3 6/14 3 II a,b; II c,d V Unclear: 6 accessions

III I and IV II a,b; II c,d V 1999 accessions 1 10/3 10 Unclear: 5 accessions

III I and IV II a,b; II c,d V 2000 accessions 5/5 14 5/5 14 II a,b; II c,d V Unclear: 2 accessions

26 accessions representing the complete variation in the collection. 97356, 99069, 97073, 99078, 99081, 20007, 20027 I a,b,c 97068, 99067, 99071, 20005, 20008, 20025 II a,b 99005 (American Early II) II c,d 99008 III 99074, 97015, 97081 IV b,c,e 97069, 97080, 97085, 97089, 97091 IV ? 99006 (Morado III), 99073, 20022 ??

Conclusions AFLP-fingerprinting good method to minimize the collection duplications out very closely related accessions out No accessions in subtropical group and only one in ophioscrodon group

Future plans Comparison new accessions with the core collection until now Other determinations on core collection