It’s all about what you find Exploration It’s all about what you find

Reasons Expand Trade Routes to find more spices, silk, tea Find easier ways to get to the “east” Spread Christianity Make sure everyone was “able to” follow the “right ways to worship”

How do we go “around the world”? Navigation Improvements

New Ships Sails were made to go with and against the winds This enables the ships to go faster and slow down when necessary One sail was triangular Two sails were square

New navigational devices Compass Helps guide sailors/travelers by using a “magnetic tool” which always points north. Sailors used to use the North Star because it is the only star that never moves in the sky.

Helps sailors/travelers guide themselves along the horizon Astrolabe Helps sailors/travelers guide themselves along the horizon

Naval Schools Portugal – leader in naval schools Prince Henry – leader of Portugal Schools taught: Most knowledgeable sailors Map makers Shipbuilders Scientists

Control over Exploration & the New World Portugal vs Spain Both countries fought over control of the new found lands and routes Result……….

Treaty of Tordesillas The dispute was settled with this treaty between Spain and Portugal Line of demarcation (imaginary line) Split up the new world (Central & South America) into two areas: Spanish & Portuguese Spain – controlled the western areas Portugal – controlled the eastern areas

England & France….? Prime reason to explore……find a Northwest Passage to China They explored the Northeast region of what is today the US (Maine, NH, VT, MA, NY, NJ, etc) as well as the eastern coast (13 colonies of England) They also controlled areas of Canada

Results: Each country built an empire somewhere in the New World Controlled the area as well as the people Gained power through land holdings and raw materials they found throughout the areas they controlled.

Portugal Built a large trading empire Took over Brazil and other smaller areas in South America Didn’t last long Political problems led to….. Spanish – took over the Portuguese gov’t Dutch – took over the spice trade

Spain Established colonies in Central & South America Conquered Incas and Aztecs

England Settled in North America Jamestown, VA – 1st official and successful settlement Settlers looked for new ways of life and more freedom (including religious freedom) British East India Company helped control trade in India

France Samuel de Champlain – 1st French settler in the New World Mainly fur traders Controlled the Mississippi River and Louisiana (New Orleans port) Not many settlers stayed (not a large French population)

Netherlands Strong trading nation Took over Portuguese spice trade Dutch East Indies Company (private company with a charter and special trading rights) Settled islands on the coast of South America and “bought” Manhattan from the Natives (later sold it to England/colonists)