Classification.

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Presentation transcript:

Classification

Classification Taxonomy: branch of biology that groups organisms based on the presence of similar characteristics Taxonomist: scientist who group and name organisms after studying differences in their physical characteristics

Benefits of Classification Accurately and uniformly names organisms Prevents misnomers Jellyfish Starfish Uses same language to name all organisms Latin or sometimes Greek Sea”horse”??

History of Classification Aristotle (382-322 BC) 1st to divide and classify organisms Based on where organism spends most of its life (air, water, etc) Divided them into two groups Plants: herbs, shrubs, trees Animals: land, air, water

History of Classification Based on Aristotle’s system, how would you classify the following? Bats, birds, lizards, wolves, walrus, dolphins, goldfish, sea urchins, horse, koala, frogs, stingrays, wasp Land Air Water

History of Classification What are some problems with this form of classification?? Some organisms are grouped together even though they don’t have much in common Some organisms do not fit easily into Aristotle’s system Walrus??? Frog???

History of Classification Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) Based on physical similarities between organisms Problem Organisms given misleading “common” names OR one species given more than one common name Solution Use latin to assign an unchanging global scientific name to identify a species Binomial Nomenclature

Binomial Nomenclature “Two Names” 1st name: the genus (uppercase) 2nd name: a descriptive name (lowercase) Helps scientists researching the same organism in different countries/languages! Common Name: House Sparrow (US) Gorrion (Spain) Musch (Hollond) Hussparf (Sweden) Scientific Name: Passer domesticus

Modern Taxonomy Groups organisms based on evolutionary relationships Based on similarities in External/Internal Structure Breeding Behavior Geographical Distribution Chromosome comparisons Biochemistry

Modern Taxonomy Provides a way to study relationships among organisms –both living and extinct Start with broad categories with general characteristics and then subdivide organisms by looking at characteristics specific to different organisms The MORE similarities between 2 organisms = more closely related!!!

Organisms are Classified in a Hierarchy of Taxa Taxon = group of organisms Domain- Eukarya Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Chordata Subphylum- Vertebrata Class- Mammalia Order- Carnivora Family- Canidae Genus- Canis Species- Canis lupus Subspecies- Canis lupus familiaris

Taxonomy Mnemonic Device to remember taxon groups: Dumb King Phillip Came Over For Good Spaghetti Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species