Ecology The study of relationships between all organisms and their environment. Ecosystem is all biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) things that.

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Presentation transcript:

Ecology The study of relationships between all organisms and their environment. Ecosystem is all biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) things that share an environment.

Energy Flow– Types of energy changing and moving through the environment Represented by arrows that point in the direction that the energy moves

Energy and an Ecosystem Energy must flow constantly through an ecosystem for the system to remain stable. Leaves  Grasshopper  Frog  Snake  Hawk Leaves  Caterpillar  Spider  Frog  Lizard  Fox  Hawk

Food Chain It shows the relationships among organisms. A model used to show the transfer of energy and matter among organisms. It shows the relationships among organisms. Many food chains make up a food web.

AUTOTROPH A group of organisms that can use the energy in the sun to convert water and carbon dioxide to sugar (food). Examples: Plants, algae, phytoplankton These are the producers of energy

Heterotroph: Another term for heterotroph is consumer because they consume other organisms in order to live (to get energy to live). Examples: Rabbit, deer, mushrooms

Types of Heterotrophs: Carnivores: eat meat only Omnivores: eat meat and plants Herbivores: eat plants only

Trophic Levels A position an organism occupies on a food chain

Producer Organisms (plants) that make their own food by Photosynthesis The survival of any ecosystem is dependent upon producers capturing energy from the Sun. Examples: Plants Algae – Phytoplankton – photosynthetic organisms found oceans & lakes (most common in water) Some Bacteria (chemosynthesis)

Consumer Gets energy by eating another organism (plants) Herbivores – animals that eat producers Examples: Rabbits Deer Caterpillar

Decomposers Get energy and nutrients from breaking down dead organisms and animal wastes. They make soil rich in nutrients.

Trophic Levels

Relationships Within an Ecosystem Producer/Consumer -Organism produces food through photosynthesis (Plant) then are eaten by another organism (Herbivore) Predator/Prey Predator: hunts down and kills prey for food. Prey: is hunted and killed for food.