Motivation What gets things going??

Motivation outline The major functions of motivation (activation and goal orientation/seeking) A typology of motivations: major types and an idea about their interdependence Yerkes-Dodson Law Evolution of adaptive mechanism of homeostatic control systems and how they operate A model of primary drives and how they fit into above control system model

Motivation: Characteristics Story- Activation + Goal orientation

Typology of Motivations Primary and Secondary Drives Pyramid of needs (Maslow)

Yerkes Dodson: Activation (Cockroaches & Quarterbacks!) Good/bad pool players: audience size 4 Zajonc: Mere exposure (cockroaches!) Home field advantage-world series!

Primary Drive: Basic Model Claude Bernard: Mileau Interior & Evol. Walter Cannon & body wisdom (salt ex) Homeostasis & negative feedback Dual outputs Instinct & reflexes vs. motivation & learning (flexitility/adaptability) D.W. 1940 “Salt was one of first words. Died at 3.5 years.

Setpoint Output:Physiol/Motivtional Input _ Negative feedback loop

Body Water Levels & Thirst Physiological: Two systems of regulation Prevent water loss Hypothalamus/pituitary/kidney/ADH Control of reabsorption of water Pressure sensitivity Thirst: find new water

Hunger: Hunger: More complex First, a “basic” physiological mechanism Hypothalamus VMH: satiety & feeding Reinterpretation of satiety as change in set point

Other Hunger Regulators: (Long-term and Short-term Liver: glucose  glycogen conversion Long term vs short term regulation Fat cell hypothesis & Leptin/NPY Genetic control Social control

Emotions Emotional expression Some basic theories of emotion Darwin & Ekman: universality Some basic theories of emotion Naïve James-Lange Cognitive/ Schacter-Singer/Cannon-Bard

A Higher-level Motive: Need for Achievement McClelland Methodology: projective techniques Goal setting Parent-child immediate interaction Longer-term developmental styles Societal implications Dweck: Mastery vs Performance orientation