13. Law of conservation of mass Matter Take out some note cards, a pencil, and your note card holder Write the following terms on one note card each: Take a textbook from the table and read from pages 164 to 190 As you read, create flash cards on the vocabulary terms REMEMBER TO FOLLOW THE “GOOD NOTE-TAKING GUIDE” ON THE BOARD 1. Matter (199) 2. Volume 3. Solid 4. Liquid 5. Gas 6. Physical property 7. Mass 8. Density 9. Solubility 10. Chemical property 11. Physical change 12. Chemical change 13. Law of conservation of mass

1. Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space Made of atoms Types of energy, such as heat, sound and electricity are NOT matter Forces, such as magnetism and gravity, as also NOT forms of matter

3. Solid State of matter with a definite shape and volume Do not change shape or volume regardless of whether they are inside or outside a container Particles are close together Strong attractive forces between particles Particles vibrate in all directions Particles are low energy

4. Liquid State of matter with a definite volume but not a definite shape Takes the shape of its container Particles close together Weaker attractive forces between particles than in solids Particles free to move past neighboring particles Particles are medium energy

5. Gas A state of matter without a definite shape or a definite volume If the container is not closed, gas spreads out of the container Particles very far apart Very weak attractive forces between particles Particles move freely Particles are high energy

Attractive force (weak/strong)? 14. States of Matter Shape Volume Energy Solid   Liquid Gas Attractive force (weak/strong)? Distance of Particles Particle movement? Solid   Liquid Gas

Attractive force (weak/strong)? 14. States of Matter Shape Volume Energy Solid Definite shape Definite volume  Low energy Liquid  No definite shape Definite volume   Medium energy Gas  No shape No definite volume   High energy Attractive force (weak/strong)? Distance of Particles Particle movement? Solid  Strong  Close/compacted Little movement/vibrates  Liquid  Somewhat strong  Close/spread out  Moves freely Gas Weak  Far away from each other   Moves quickly

6. Physical property Any characteristic of matter that you can observe without changing the identity of the substances that make it up Ex. State of matter (solid/liquid/gas), temperature, size of object

7. Mass The amount of matter in an object Not the same as weight Weight takes into account gravitational effect Mass of an object is the same everywhere (weight changes) Depends on the size of the sample To measure mass, you can use a balance

2. Volume The amount of space a sample of matter occupies Depends on the size of the sample Ex. The volume of a rectangular shaped solid is length x width x height Volume of a liquid is measured using a graduated cylinder

8. Density The mass per unit volume of a substance Does not depend on the size or amount of the sample Useful when identifying unknown substances because it is constant for a given substance Ex. A rock is more dense than a ball of cotton even if they’re the same size because the rock is heavier Density = mass/volume

9. Solubility The ability of one substance to dissolve in another Size-independent Ex. Salt is much more soluble in water than sand is When something dissolves in a substance, a physical change occurs, but the chemical properties stay the same

10. Chemical property The ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more new substances Characteristic of matter that you observe as it reacts with or changes into a different substance Ex. Some metals react with oxygen in the air to turn brown (rust) Flammability (how hard or easy an object is to catch on fire) is another example

11. Physical change A change in the size, shape, form or state of matter that does not change the matter’s identity Chemical properties stay the same Ex. Dissolving, melting, boiling A physical change can cause a change in the state of matter (solid to liquid, etc.) Do not change the mass of the substance

12. Chemical Change A change in matter in which the substances that make up the matter change into other substances with different chemical and physical properties A.k.a. chemical reaction A new substance is produced The only sure sign of a chemical change is the formation of a new substance

13. Law of conservation of mass The total mass before a chemical reaction is the same as the total mass after the chemical reaction Mass is conserved during a physical change