IEEM 5352 E-Enterprise Integration eXtensible Markup Language (XML)

What is XML? XML: eXtensible Markup Language (XML) defines an universal standard for electronically exchanging data for the Internet and Web applications and is supported by major IT vendors. Topics covered include: Authoring XML element and documents XML schema and Document Type Definition (DTD) XSL (eXtensible Style Language) for transforming XML to HTML Tools for authoring and browsing XML to document XML 是在網際網路及Web上定義資料標準格式之語言。 XML是將傳統的SGML加以簡化,但是又比HTML有彈性,使用者可自行定義標籤 (Tags), 用來傳輸有結構性的資料是HTML之後方興未艾的Web標準。在電子商務上,尤其企業間 (B2B) 電子商務交易,XML將式資料交換企業整合的重要技術與標準。

XML can take large chunks of information and consolidate them into an XML document - meaningful pieces that provide structure and organization to the information.

Basic building block of an XML document is the element defined by tags.

Root element -> Nested elements -> Hierarchical structure.

XML Documents An well formed XML document can be read and understood by an XML parser. DTD (Document Type Definition) determines the structure and elements of an XML document. XML parsers read XML documents and extract the data for access by another program.

XML-Enabled Standards RosettaNet is a consortium of product vendors and end users that defines a framework for data and process interchange with e-business -XML document and standard process flows. XEDI is published specification describing how to map traditional EDI to XML and back again. BizTalk is an industry consortium founded by Microsoft to define a standard XML grammar for XML-based messaging and metadata.

XML-Enabled Standards (cont.) XFRML is an XML standard for reporting financial information over the Internet. XML-Schema is a working group of the W3C that is looking to describe a better mechanism for determining the structure of an XML document. XML Query is another W3C working group looking to create a common set of operations and language syntax for accessing persisted XML data. XSLT provides a standard XML document transformation mechanism using a stylesheet as a common processing engine.

XML Tools XML Notepad (XML Editing Tool) XML Parser http://msdn.microsoft.com (.NET Frameworks 2.0) http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=72d6aa49-787d-4118-ba5f-4f30fe913628&displaylang=en (XML Notepad) XML Parser Edit/Create Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/thankyou.aspx?familyId=2cf40ae6-368c-4b6b-a185-2dfa92fb7993&displayLang=en (Microsoft XML Parser)

XML Example File (prods.xml) <?xml version=“1.0”?> <PRODUCTLIST xmlns=“x-schema:listschema.xml”> <PRODUCT> <ID>722</ID> <NAME>PENTIUM 100</NAME> <PRICE>1000</PRICE></PRODUCT> <ID>721</ID> <NAME>PENTIUM 11 300<NAME> <PRICE>5000</PRICE></PRODUCT> <ID>720</ID> <NAME>PENTIUM 111 450</NAME> <PRICE>15000</PRICE> </PRODUCT> </PRODUCTLIST>

Rules for Well-Formed XML Mandatory Closing Tag The set of tags are unlimited but all container tags must have end tag, e.g., <tag>…</tag>. Example: <number>kj9876_34</number> <due>1/12/98</due> <bill_to>MTB1</bill_to> <ship_to>MTO1</ship_to> <selling_party>AC987</selling_party>

Rules for Well-Formed XML (cont.) Proper Element Nesting All tags must be nested correctly. Like HTML, XML can intermix tag, but tags may not overlap each other. Legal XML <PRODUCT> <ID>721</ID> <NAME>PENTIUM 11 300</NAME> <PRICE>5000</PRICE> </PRODUCT> Illegal XML <PRODUCT> <ID> <NAME>PENTIUM 11 300<NAME> <PRICE>5000</PRICE> </PRODUCT> </ID>

Rules for Well-Formed XML (cont. 2) Double-quote value delimiters All attribute values must be enclosed in single or double quotation marks. Legal: <tag attribute=“value”> Illegal: <font size = 6> <XML> <xml> are different

Rules for Well-Formed XML (cont. 3) Single tag element Singleton tag (called empty element or tags without content) must be written in an abbreviated form using special XML syntax. Legal: <BR/> <TITLE></TITLE> is equivalent to <TITLE/>

XML with an internal DTD DTD (Baseball.dtd) <!ELEMENT BASEBALL (TEAM)+> <!ELEMENT TEAM (CITY, PLAYER*)> <!ELEMENT CITY (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT PLAYER (LASTNAME, FIRSTNAME, AVG)> <!ELEMENT FIRSTNAME (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT LASTNAME (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT AVG (#PCDATA)> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE BASEBALL SYSTEM "Baseball.dtd"> <BASEBALL> <TEAM> <CITY>New York</CITY> <PLAYER> <LASTNAME>Strawberry</LASTNAME> <FIRSTNAME>Daryl</FIRSTNAME> <AVG>.286</AVG> </PLAYER> </TEAM> <CITY>Baltimore</CITY> <LASTNAME>Alomar</LASTNAME> <FIRSTNAME>Roberto</FIRSTNAME> <AVG>.287</AVG> </BASEBALL> +: 1 or more *: 0, 1 or more

XML 之網頁呈現 content DTD/ XML Schema Structure Processing for Display or Conversion Document with Special Format (HTML/CSS) XML document content XSL Display XML Parser

XML Parser SERVER CLIENT XML Database XML XML NETWORK Client Application XML Converter Client Application Database XML

XML SCHEMA XML SCHEMA (XML-DATA) Much richer and more extensible way Describe the rule for the content of a document and use XML itself as a grammar It was submitted to the W3C as the XML-DATA submission

XML SCHEMA A schema is defined using a particular XML syntax Multiple <ElementType name="to" content="textOnly" /> <ElementType name="from" content="textOnly" /> <ElementType name="cc" content="textOnly" /> <ElementType name="bcc" content="mixed"> <attribute type="hidden" required="yes" /> </ElementType> <element type="to" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="*" /> <element type="from" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" /> <element type="cc" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="*" /> <element type="bcc" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="*" /> Multiple

XML and XSL XML XML HTML Internet Web XSL Server (Browser) eXtensible Stylesheet Language (XSL)

XSL Example File <?xml version=“1.0”?> <HTML xmlns:xsl=“http:www.w3.org/tr/wd-xsl”> <body> <h1>test</h1> <xsl:for-each select=“PRODUUCTLIST/PRODUCT”> <DIV STYLE=“background-color:teal;color:white;padding:4px”> <SPAN STYLE=“font-weight:bold;color:white”> <xsl:value-of select=“id”/></SPAN> <xsl:value-of select=“name”/> </DIV> <DIV STYLE=“margin-left:20px;margin-bottom:font-size:12pt”> <I>price:<xsl:value-of select=“price”/></I> <xsl:for-each> </body> </HTML>

Business to Customer Web Server Bookstore Database Bookstore Customer Order this book Web Server Bookstore Database Bookstore Customer Index all book Search Order books Book List Publish publisher Publisher XML

References Http://www.w3.org Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.1 (Second Edition) http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816 Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) Version 1.1 http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xsl11-20061205/ XSL Transformation (XSLT) http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/REC-xslt20-20070123/

XML Notepad

Example

Catalog ID Catalog name Catalog expiration date Catalog issue date Categories 1 A 10/1 #1, #2, …. 2 B 10/2 <catalog> <catalog ID>1</catalog ID> <catalog name>A</catalog name> <category> <category ID>1</category ID> <category name>T-shirt</category name> ……. </category> ….. </catalog> Category ID Category name Products 1 T-shirt #1, #2 2 Dress #3 Product ID Product name Size Color Price Category 1 Flower T-shirt M Blue 250 #1 2 Bear T-shirt S Red 3 Circle dress L Black 400 #2