Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

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Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2017.34 Figure 1 Intestinal colonization by commensals drives lung immunity defence in newborn mice Figure 1 | Intestinal colonization by commensals drives lung immunity defence in newborn mice. Intestinal commensal bacteria prevent pneumonia infection by promoting the trafficking of IL‑22‑producing group 3 innate lymphoid cells (IL‑22+ILC3) into the lung of newborn mice. The lung-selective trafficking of IL‑22+ILC3 is mediated by the communication between intestinal bacteria and a subset of intestinal dendritic cells (CD103+CD11b+ DCs) that induce the overexpression of the CCR4 homing receptor on the surface of intestinal IL‑22+ILC3. CCL17, a chemokine expressed in the lung epithelium, activates the CCR4 receptor promoting the traffic of IL‑22+ILC3 into the lung in newborn mice. The high level of IL‑22 in the lung inhibits pathogen proliferation. Tamburini, S. & Clemente, J. C. (2017) Neonatal gut microbiota induces lung immunity against pneumonia Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2017.34