African Renaissance Conference: Inclusive Socio-Economic Transformation 24th May 2018 Advocate Vasu Gounden

There can be no physical security for anyone unless there is human security for everyone.

Human Security and Development: Safety and Security People generally equate safety and security with physical security We have to distinguish between physical security and human security Important in South Africa because some people enjoy human security but not physical security while others have neither human nor physical security

HUMAN SECURITY The 1994 global Human Development Report highlighted two major components of human security: ‘freedom from fear’ and ‘freedom from want’. There are seven essential dimensions of human security: Economic Food Health Environmental Personal Community Political

HUMAN SECURITY vs HUMAN DEVELOPMENT There can be no human development without human security Central to human security is the idea that people have ‘the right to live in freedom and dignity, free from poverty and despair… with an equal opportunity to enjoy all their rights and fully develop their human potential.’

HUMAN SECURITY AND DEVELOPMENT Human development and human security are interlinked but are by no means identical. Human development is a broad concept, aiming at enlarging people’s choices and freedoms. Human security is about assuring priority freedoms so that people can exercise choices safely and freely.

COLONIAL AND POST-COLONIAL LEGACY Social Engineering: Skills Capital Opportunity Consequences Poverty Inequality Unemployment

AFRICA’S SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRUCTURAL CHALLENGE 1. Agricultural Age 2. Industrial Age 3. Information Age

ETHEKWINI POPULATION 1980: 939 000 1996: 2 748 000 2001: 3 090 000 1980: 939 000 1996: 2 748 000 2001: 3 090 000 2011: 3 442 000 2018: 3 800 000 2030: 4 550 000

ETHEKWINI UNEMPLOYMENT 2001: 43.0% 2011: 30.2% 2015: 22.6% 2017: 21.8% Source: Census 2011 and Stats SA

ETHEKWINI INEQUALITY Gini Coefficient is 0.63 Human Development Index is 0.63 Both are strong indicators of high inequality South Africa ranked second worse country based on its Gini Coefficient.

Centre and Periphery: SOUTH AFRICA

Centre and Periphery: KENYA

Centre and Periphery: BURUNDI

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