Chapter 10 Using Rating Scales to Look at Literacy “A fair assessment of any child cannot be gathered with any one recording instrument on any one day.” ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. RATING SCALES Rating scale – Description of criteria in a graduated horizontal position (also called a rubric) Quality points – The steps along the way to desired competence (also called benchmarks) Closed method – No details recorded Selective method – Only noting specific actions, tasks, behaviors ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Rating Scale ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. LOOKING AT LITERACY Literacy Development Print-rich environment – Reading opportunities are all around Emergent literacy – Everyday experiences Babies and books – Early is good Reading to preschoolers – Involves all areas of development ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Types of Books Story books Nonfiction books Wordless books Interaction books Concept books Predictable books Alphabet and word books Novelty books Paperbacks and magazines Teacher- and child-made books Therapeutic books Seasonal and holiday books Books with audio tapes Infant-toddler books Multicultural books ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Phonological Awareness Attention to sounds of spoken language Matching sounds Blending sounds Rhyming Counting parts of words (syllables) ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Play/Literacy Connection Play provides opportunities to promote literacy skills Language experiences in play build between oral and written communication Opportunities to use literacy in real-life ways Play/Literacy impacts and is impacted by all domains of development Play themes with literacy are opportunities for social emotional expression ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

TOPICS IN OBSERVATION: Books in the Sandbox Placing books and print materials throughout the environment: Sandbox/Water table Dramatic play area Block area Art area Science/Math area Outdoors Bathroom ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Observing Infants and Toddlers with Books Giving listening and visual attention to book Sensory experiences of touching, smelling, and tasting Lengthening memory and attention span Re-telling story from pictures Giving attention to the printed words on the page ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Young Children Write Stages of Writing Scribbling – Random marks Drawing – Organized into circles Making letters – Capitals Invented spelling – Phonetic or by pattern Organizing print – Names on work Dictation – Seeing spoken word in print Backward letters – Experimentation, early writing ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Helping All Children with Literacy Physical Disabilities Adaptations – provide sandpaper and magnetic letters to trace with their fingers (visual impairment), speech- generating devices for hearing disabilities Learning Disabilities English Language Learners Literacy in first language Materials, books in first language Helping Professionals ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.