What does “condensation” mean?

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Presentation transcript:

What does “condensation” mean?

Condensation polymers 02/12/2018 Condensation polymers Formed from condensation reactions between monomers. A small molecule (often water or HCl) is produced as well as the polymer. Many natural polymers are condensation polymers, e.g. silk, starch and DNA. The are three types of condensation polymers; polyesters, polyamides and polypeptides.

Condensation Polymers Normally made from two different monomers – each of which has two functional groups Each functional group can react, so a long-chain polymer results

A2453 02/12/2018 1. Polyesters Esters are formed on reaction between carboxylic acids and alcohols. Polyesters are formed when dicarboxylic acids react with diols. Polyesters are hydrolysed (in the presence of strong acid or a specific enzyme) into their constituent acid and alcohol, so they are bio-degradable .

Polyesters Create an ester link –COO- Use diols (two –OH groups) Use dicarboxylic acids (two –COOH groups)

Making a polyester (general)

strong acid or specific enzyme 02/12/2018 Polyesters strong acid or specific enzyme - H2O

MWB Can you draw the fibre Terylene? (Made from benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid and ethane-1,2-diol).

strong acid or specific enzyme 02/12/2018 Polyesters strong acid or specific enzyme

Polyester Exam Question

A2453 02/12/2018 2. Polyamides Amides are formed on reaction between carboxylic acids and amines. Polyamides are formed when dicarboxylic acids react with diamines. Polyamides are hydrolysed (in the presence of strong acid or a specific enzyme), so they are bio-degradable. .

Polyamides Create an amide link –CONH- Uses diaminoalkanes (has two amine groups) Uses dicarboxylic acids (has two carboxylic acid groups)

Making polyamides (General)

Nylon Nylon-6,6 is made from 1-6-diaminohexane and hexane-1,6-dicarboxylic acid: What are the structures of these molecules?

Nylon

A2453 02/12/2018 Polyamides The reaction will go faster if a diacid chloride is used rather than the dicarboxylic acid. This would mean HCl would be eliminated strong acid or specific enzyme

A2453 02/12/2018 Polyamides Kevlar

Think Think about the structures of Nylon and Kevlar. Do you think they will have similar or different properties? Explain.

strong acid or specific enzyme 02/12/2018 Polyamides strong acid or specific enzyme

Polyamide Exam Question

Where are the links broken? Can you work out the monomers of these polymers?

Forces between condensation polymers 02/12/2018 Forces between condensation polymers Generally more rigid and stronger than addition polymers Condensation polymers contain polar bonds (C-N and C-O bonds in the chains) So as well as VdW forces, there are: Permanent dipole-dipole forces Hydrogen bonds Draw some molecules and show examples of these forces