Transfer of information from DNA

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Presentation transcript:

Transfer of information from DNA Chapter 6.1 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Biology 12 (2011)

Link between genes and proteins mRNA: RNA strand that serves information to be translated into protein mRNA is synthesized (or transcribed) from DNA Nucleotides from mRNA would provide the amino acid sequence for protein synthesis

The genetic code Genetic code: code specifying relationship between nucleotide codon and an amino acid How can 4 nucleotides encode 20 amino acids ? Through groupings into triplets 43 = 64 Each nucleotide triplet is known as a codon

The genetic code

The genetic code Genetic code has 3 characteristics Code is redundant more than one codon can code for the same amino acid or stop signal Code is continuous Reads as series of three-letter codons without spaces, punctuation, or overlap. Shifts of one or two nucleotides can alter codon triplets, resulting in incorrect amino acid sequence Code is nearly universal Almost all organisms build proteins with genetic code. Codon in fruity fly codes for same amino acid as in a human

The genetic code AUG serves as the “Start” codon for growing polypeptides. Can you locate it on this table? What amino acid is AUG?

Gene expression Central Dogma: theory that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein We will be discussing this more in the next section

Homework Pg. 250 # 9-12, 14

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