Test on Genetics Tuesday (p. 5) Wednesday (p.1) Date: January 12th, 2017 Aim #41: Why do different cells produce different proteins? HW: Daily Review of class notes. Textbook worksheet due Friday Test on Genetics Tuesday (p. 5) Wednesday (p.1) Labs and test corrections due next Thursday Do Now: What determines how a protein functions? What determines the shape of the protein? What determines the sequence of amino acids? What are mutations? How do mutations affect the function of a protein?

Aim #41: Why do different cells produce different proteins? Express Yourself

1) Do all the cells in your body have the same DNA? All the cells in our body have the exact same DNA because they all came from a single cell which replicated its DNA

Body Cells Although every cell in your body has the same DNA, not all cells are the SAME. Why? Gene Expression!

2) Gene expression Cells are different from each other because they EXPRESS different portions of the genetic code (genes).

3) What is Gene Expression Genes that are being expressed are “on” Though all genes of the genome are present in every type of cell, only a small, specific fraction of these genes are actually expressed in each type of cell.

4) How does a gene express itself? The Information on DNA (expressed genes) is Translated Into proteins which Determine the organism’s traits. Making Protein

5) Environmental Effect Environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and availability of nutrients can influence the genes expressed in a cell. Examples: Arctic Fox Hydrangea During the warm temperatures of the summer, the arctic fox produces proteins that cause its fur to become brown. During the cold temperatures, these proteins are not made.

GENES + ENVIRONMENT = TRAITS

GENES + ENVIRONMENT = TRAITS

Express the following gene: GGCTTAACGTAC mRNA codon 1 Gene = 1 Protein