Warm Up Describe how Hammurabi’s code influenced today’s society.

Key Terms Pharaohs Theocracy Pyramid Mummification Hieroglyphics Papyrus

Ancient Egypt

Geography of Egypt

Geography of Egypt Settlements arose along the Nile River Annual flooding in July caused by rain and melting snow in mountains Left rich soil called silt Peasants would prepare fields before sun dried out soil Watered crops through irrigation ditches

Environmental Challenges If Nile floodwaters were lower than normal, amount of silt to grow crops was reduced, starving people If Nile floodwaters were too high, water would destroy homes and farms Deserts natural barriers, limiting interaction with other civilizations

Advanced Cities Narmer united lower and upper kingdoms around 3000 B.C. Capital city of Memphis where two kingdoms met Traded with Mesopotamia, Kush, and Nubia

Complex Institutions Egyptian kings were considered gods Believed to as powerful as the gods of the heavens Government ruled by religious authority is called a theocracy Pharaohs responsible for sunrise, flooding of the Nile, and crops growing

Pyramids Believed that the pharaohs ruled even after death through an eternal life force called the “ka” “ka” had needs that needed met Pharaohs would be placed in pyramid after death with great luxury

Egyptian Religion Polytheistic Believed in an afterlife If you lived a pure and honest life you would live forever in the Other World Royal and elite Egyptian bodies preserved by mummification, or embalming and drying of corpse to prevent decaying

Specialized Workers Social pyramid Social classes could change based on marriage or jobs Farmers, priests, artisans, scribes, landowners, peasants

Advanced Technology - heart rates Developed calendar with 365 days System of numbers Geometry and architecture Medical treatments - heart rates - splints - treat wounds and fever - surgery Improved trade and transportation by digging canal from Nile to Red Sea

Record Keeping Hieroglyphics Papyrus “sacred carving” Pictures represented sounds and ideas, like the alphabet Common language essential for Egypt’s growth Papyrus River plant weaved together for paper-like material used for writing Faster than carving clay tablets

New Kingdom

Hyksos Rule The Hebrews settled in Egypt during this time Racially similar to the Hyksos, and welcomed to the region Egyptians resented the presence of these two groups Around 1600 B.C. warlike rulers drove out the Hyksos

New Kingdom Hyksos were pushed into Palestine According to Bible, Hebrews remained in Egypt and were enslaved until around 1500 and 1200 B.C., the time of the Exodus and Moses

Reflections Describe how Ancient Egypt dealt with their natural, environmental problems. Evaluate how what happened in the New Kingdom relates to a modern day world issue. Compare/Contrast Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt using the Top-Hat method.