Lesson 5.5 Jacksonian America Unit 5: Equality & Power Lesson 5.5 Jacksonian America

Jacksonian America

Review How did the supreme court rulings of John Marshall help establish the dominance of the nation over the states?

Essential Question How does learning about Andrew Jackson aid us in understanding the concepts of power and equality?

What do you think the “Nullification Crisis” is? Key Vocabulary What do you think the “Nullification Crisis” is? Definition Examples/Impact Create a test question. Nullification Crisis

Activation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oxDqOH6H4FQ 1. 2. 3.

Interesting Stuff About Jackson Gashed by a British officer as a boy during Revolution when he refused to clean his boots….left permanent reminder of hatred for British. Duel with Charles Dickinson turns legendary. When Dickinson fires a bullet into Jacksons chest, he stood so still that Dickinson fell back in disbelief. Jackson then killed Dickinson and walked away with blood sloshing in his boots. While studying law in Salisbury North Carolina, Jackson was chosen to manage the Christmas Ball. Jackson sent invitations to two well-known prostitutes for laughs. No one else thought it was funny.

Jackson’s wife, Rachel, came under attack during the election of 1828 Jackson’s wife, Rachel, came under attack during the election of 1828. She died of heart failure, and Jackson blamed his political enemies. “I can and do forgive my enemies. But those vile wretches who have slandered her must look to God for mercy”. Jackson’s only regret is that he didn’t “shoot Clay and hang Calhoun”.

Setting the Stage Andrew Jackson was elected with wide popular support. As President, he stood up for federal authority, tried to move Native Americans to the west, and fatally undermined the Bank of the United States. A new party, the Whigs, emerged to oppose him.

A New Era in Politics “Old Hickory” breaks tradition by inviting the public to his inauguration (page 222). This move was symbolic of the nation’s political system becoming more democratic.

States Expand Voting RIghts In the early 1800’s suffrage expanded as a result of: Eliminating property owner requirements. Expansion of the middle class. Andrew Jackson benefited from a large number of new voters.

The Spoils System Jackson believed that ordinary people should play a role in the government. The Spoils System was the practice of giving government jobs on the basis of party loyalty and friendship.

From Caucus to Convention Jackson’s supporters also changed how presidential candidates were chosen. The Caucus system emerged. This system allowed members of a party in Congress to meet in order to decide the party candidate. However, there were cons to this idea. The caucus system restricted nominations to the elite and well connected.

Jacksonians replaced the caucus system with the National Nomination Convention. Delegates from the states gathered to decide on a nominee. Supporters believed that this allowed the people, not the elite, to decide upon the candidates.

Assessment Prompt 1 How did Andrew Jackson increase democracy in our nation? Spoils System National Nomination Convention

The Nullification Crisis Tariff Of 1828 also known as the “Tariff Of Abominations”led to South Carolina threatening to secede from the Union. John C. Calhoun declared that states had the right to nullify federal laws that were not valid.

Jackson Defends the Union In 1833, Congress passed the “Force Bill” which authorized the President to use the military to enforce acts of Congress. The issue of states rights was laid to rest……temporarily

Assessment Prompt 2 How did Andrew Jackson Stand up for federal authority? How did Jackson respond to the Nullification Crisis?

Forced Policies Towards Native Americans 1830, Jackson pushed for the Indian Removal Act which allotted money to relocate Native Americans. The Cherokee sued the state of Georgia over its attempts at removal. John Marshall ordered the state to honor the property rights of the Cherokee. JACKSON REFUSES TO SUPPORT THE DECISION (Checks And Balances???) This led to the “Trail of Tears” which was a forced march to Oklahoma where 4,000 Cherokee died from exposure.

Jackson Battles the National Bank Jackson considered the National Bank a monopoly that benefited the wealthy elite. Truth: The Bank played an important role in maintaining financial stability. Jackson’s re-election in 1832 gave him the power to destroy the National Bank. His forceful style earned him the nickname “King Andrew” and led to the formation of the Whig Party.

Assessment Prompt 3 Why did opponents of Andrew Jackson refer to him as King Andrew?

Review In what ways did Andrew Jackson increase democracy in our nation? 1. 2. 3. A. B.

Review How did Jackson stand up for Federal authority during the Nullification Crisis of 1828?

Review How did Jackson ignore our system of “checks and balances”?

Crash Course http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=beN4qE-e5O8 3 2 1

Activity Primary source activity.....coming to your own conclusion: Is Andrew Jackson a Savage or Saint?

Learning Log Answer the EQ: How does learning about Andrew Jackson aid us in understanding the concepts of power and equality?