Effects of the Civil War

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Presentation transcript:

Effects of the Civil War

Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln disliked slavery, BUT… Felt federal gov’t did not have power to abolish it where it already existed Used constitutional war powers Confederacy used slave labor to build fortifications and grow food Lincoln could seized “enemy resources” Emancipation = weapon of war

Did not free slaves immediately b/c applied to areas behind Conf. lines Outside of Union control Gave the war a moral purpose Ensured compromise no longer possible

The End of the War… Key defeats of S. at Gettysburg and Vicksburg Low on men, supplies and morale Ulysses S. Grant appointed Union Army General, March 1864 Appointed William Tecumseh Sherman commander of Mississippi division Waged total war Union people’s will was keeping them going Strategy – decimate Lee’s army regardless of casualties

Surrender at Appomattox Sherman’s March Marched S.E. from GA to the sea Burned almost everything in its path Livestock, homes, railroads, bridges, etc Burnt most of Atlanta Then turned N. to help Grant “wipe out Lee” Lincoln reelected in 1864 Surrender at Appomattox Union troops conquered Richmond, VA Lee and Grant met at Appomattox Court House Lee surrendered with generous terms

The Nation is Changed… Physical Effects Political Changes 360,000 Union soldiers dead 260,000 Confederate soldiers dead Land destruction Political Changes Increased federal gov’t power / authority Passed income tax / conscription laws during war

Technological Changes Economic Changes Northern economy boomed during war Southern economy devastated Ended slavery Farmland destroyed Widened gap between N and S Technological Changes First “modern war” Rifle and soft lead bullets Ironclad ship (Monitor (N) and Merrimack (S))

13th Amendment Emancipation Proc freed only slaves behind Confederate lines Slavery still in border states Constitutional amendment only solution 13th Amendment – ratified, 1865 “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States.”