The Plant Kingdom

The Plant Kingdom This kingdom has organisms that are multi-cellular, have cell walls and chlorophyll, produce their own food, and don’t physically move from one place to another.

The Plant Kingdom Vascular Non-Vascular Photosynthesis Plant Cell Parts of a Flower SOL Released Test Items

Can you say this with me…

Can you say this with me… Plants,

Can you say this with me… Plants, Eukaryotic,

Plants, Eukaryotic, multi-cellular, Can you say this with me… Plants, Eukaryotic, multi-cellular,

Plants, Eukaryotic, multi-cellular, Can you say this with me… Plants, Eukaryotic, multi-cellular, and photosynthetic.

Capturing energy from the sun Can you say this with me… Plants, Eukaryotic, multi-cellular, and photosynthetic. Capturing energy from the sun

Capturing energy from the sun Can you say this with me… Plants, Eukaryotic, multi-cellular, and photosynthetic. Capturing energy from the sun Using CO2 and water

Capturing energy from the sun Can you say this with me… Plants, Eukaryotic, multi-cellular, and photosynthetic. Capturing energy from the sun Using CO2 and water to…

Capturing energy from the sun Can you say this with me… Plants, Eukaryotic, multi-cellular, and photosynthetic. Capturing energy from the sun Using CO2 and water to… create sugar

Capturing energy from the sun Can you say this with me… Plants, Eukaryotic, multi-cellular, and photosynthetic. Capturing energy from the sun Using CO2 and water to… create sugar and oxygen.

Capturing energy from the sun Can you say this with me… Plants, Eukaryotic, multi-cellular, and photosynthetic. Capturing energy from the sun Using CO2 and water to… create sugar and oxygen. connected to animals,

Capturing energy from the sun Can you say this with me… Plants, Eukaryotic, multi-cellular, and photosynthetic. Capturing energy from the sun Using CO2 and water to… create sugar and oxygen. connected to animals, and

Capturing energy from the sun Can you say this with me… Plants, Eukaryotic, multi-cellular, and photosynthetic. Capturing energy from the sun Using CO2 and water to… create sugar and oxygen. connected to animals, and necessary for our survival

Non-Vascular plants that do not have tubes to carry water up the plant or tubes to carry food made in the leaves down the plant Examples: mosses liverworts ferns hornworts

Lacks tubes (vascular tissues) in the plant to bring water and food up and down. Vascular Plants Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Do not have vascular tissues Lacks tubes (vascular tissues) in the plant to bring water and food up and down. Vascular Plants Non vascular plants Do not have vascular tissues Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Do not produce seeds or flowers. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Not a seed Do not produce seeds or flowers. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Calyptra covering a sporangium Do not produce seeds or flowers. Not a seed Calyptra covering a sporangium Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Calyptra covering a sporangium Let’s see the capsule inside Do not produce seeds or flowers. Not a seed Calyptra covering a sporangium Let’s see the capsule inside Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Calyptra covering a sporangium Let’s see the capsule inside Do not produce seeds or flowers. Not a seed Calyptra covering a sporangium Let’s see the capsule inside Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Not a seed Calyptra covering a sporangium Let’s see the capsule inside Do not produce seeds or flowers. Not a seed Calyptra covering a sporangium Let’s see the capsule inside Let’s see the spores inside . Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Not a seed Calyptra covering a sporangium Let’s see the capsule inside Do not produce seeds or flowers. Not a seed Calyptra covering a sporangium Let’s see the capsule inside Let’s see the spores inside . Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Are very short because they lack the woody tissue necessary for support on land. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Non-Vascular Spore: the single reproductive cell of a nonvascular plant SPORES!

Non-Vascular Moss

Non-Vascular Liverwort

Non-Vascular Fern

Non-Vascular Hornwort

Vascular Plants that have tubes to carry water and minerals up and food down the plant Examples: American dogwood tree roses grass

Vascular American dogwood tree

Vascular Roses

Vascular Grass

Photosynthesis Plant cells produce their own food through a process called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis allows plants to convert light energy into food energy.

From the Greek Angeion = vessel Sperma = seed Angiosperms From the Greek Angeion = vessel Sperma = seed

Angiosperm Basics all have flowers flowers are reproductive organs They make up around 80 percent of all the living plant species on Earth.

ANGIOSPERMS Angiosperm means “covered seed” Have flowers Have fruits with seeds Live everywhere – dominant plants in the world 260,000 species (88% of Plant Kingdom) Angiosperms are the most successful and advanced plants on earth

Angiosperms Angiosperms are the most diverse and geographically most widespread plants Have flowers and fruits with seeds Two classes: 1. Monocotyledones (monocots) 2. Dicotyledones (dicots) Insect pollination tightly linked to evolution of the flower.

Angiosperms Ecological Success of the Angiosperms Able to survive in a greater variety of habitats than any other group of plants Faster life cycle - mature more quickly than ferns or gymnosperms Most produce greater number of seeds per year than gymnosperms Animals aid in pollination - can survive as small scattered populations

Angiosperms Fruits for seed dispersal Most diverse and specialized group perennials or annuals Leaves of angiosperms are thin blades, diversity of shapes, better adapted for light interception. Xylem of angiosperms contains wide-bore vessels, allows faster conduction of water. Woody tissue of angiosperms more complex and highly specialized

Monocot vs. dicot As the zygote grows into the embryo, the first leaves of the young sporophyte develop and are called as cotyledons (seed leaves) Monocots have one cotyledon (corn, lily, etc). Dicots have two cotyledons (bean, oak, etc).

Monocot vs. dicot Number of cotyledons: one vs. two

Monocot vs. dicot Leaf venation pattern: Monocot is parallel Dicot is net pattern

Monocot vs. Dicot root Monocot: Fibrous root Dicot: Tap root

Monocot vs. Dicot Flower parts: Monocot: in groups of three Dicot: in groups of four or five

2 groups of Angiosperms

Summary: Monocot vs. dicot

GYMNOSPERMS Introduction – Gymnosperm means “naked seed” (From the Greek: gymnos = naked; sperm = seed) More advanced than ferns – do not have spores, they have seeds. The seeds of the gymnosperms lack a protective enclosure (unlike flowering plants which have flowers and fruit). Examples of gymnosperms: Conifers (pine trees), cycads, ginkgo biloba

Gymnosperms Conifers are most important group of gymnosperms Largest and most familiar group Bear seeds in cones Staminate cones – male cones Ovulate cones – _________ cones Seeds produced on an open scale (Do not produce flowers or fruit)

Gymnosperms Mainly woody plants that include Oldest living trees: bristlecone pine, 5000 yrs old! Most massive trees (giant sequoia): up to 375 ft. tall, 41 ft wide! Tallest living trees (redwoods)

Conifers Conifers adapted to temperate to cold regions Narrow leaves (needles) help to conserve water Covered by resins – for protection from predators, fire, etc.

How are plants useful to man? List the ways you use plants everyday.

We eat plants for breakfast, lunch and dinner. What plants have you eaten today?

We use plants to make our clothing.

We use plants to make medicines.

We use plants to build furniture and buildings.

Plants are useful in cleaning the air we breathe.

The End!!