Phase Diagrams plot of P vs.T showing states of matter

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Presentation transcript:

Phase Diagrams plot of P vs.T showing states of matter summarizes equilibria between phases tell us which phase (state) will exist at any specific temperature and pressure.

Any temperature and pressure combination not on a curve represents a single phase. Any temperature and pressure combination actually on a curve represents two phases coexisting in equilibrium. A temperature and pressure combination at the triple point represents all three phases coexisting. Phase Diagrams

H2O Phase Diagram

CO2 Phase Diagram

H2O Phase Diagram CO2 Phase Diagram

Phase Diagrams The Phase Diagrams of H2O and CO2 Water: The melting point curve slopes to the left because ice is less dense than water. (VERY VERY UNUSUAL!) Triple point occurs at 0.0098C and 4.58 mmHg. Normal melting (freezing) point is 0C. Normal boiling point is 100C. Critical point is 374C and 218 atm. Carbon Dioxide: Triple point occurs at -56.4C and 5.11 atm. Normal sublimation point is -78.5C. (At 1 atm CO2 sublimes it does not melt.) Critical point occurs at 31.1C and 73 atm.

Important parts of a phase diagram: Triple point: temperature and pressure at which all three phases are in equilibrium. Critical point: critical temperature and pressure for the critical point denotes the conditions above which distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist. Equilibrium lines: Identifies the temperature and pressure combinations at which two phases may coexist. Normal melting point: melting point at 1 atm. Normal boiling point: boiling point at 1 atm

Heating Curve for Water (be sure you know the name of every type of phase change) solid liquid gas vaporization condensation melting freezing Heat added Temperature (oC) A B C D E 100 LeMay Jr, Beall, Robblee, Brower, Chemistry Connections to Our Changing World , 1996, page 487 sublimation deposition Normal melting point: melting point at 1 atm Normal boiling point: boiling point at 1 atm Melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, sublimation, and deposition are six common phase changes. Note: The temperature of a substance does not change during a phase change.