Definition Headland 1. A Headland is an area of land adjacent to water on three sides 2. An area of land that protrudes into the sea Bay 1. A Bay is the reverse, an area of water bordered by land on three sides 2. A body of water partially enclosed by land but with a wide mouth *Bay refers to the water, not the land

Formation - Inputs Alternating bands of parallel soft and resistant rocks Perpendicular to the sea Destructive waves Weak swash and strong backwash

Formation - Processes

Formation - Processes Headlands and bays have different resistance against erosion Erosion processes such as Hydraulic action Corrasion Attrition Due to the differential rates of erosion, resistant rocks would protrude to form Headlands The body to water that is formed due to the retreat of the soft rock is called the bay

Erosion Processes Abrasion/ Corrasion Rock debris hurled against the coast by waves wears away coastal rocks Attrition Rock particles in water knock against and break down each other. This results in the rocks being smaller, smoother and more rounded Corrosion/ Solution The dissolving of soluble minerals in rocks by seawater Hydraulic action - Impacts of waves crashing on the coast which causes the rocks to break apart and be removed

Formation - Processes How soft rocks are eroded A notch is formed The unsupported material collapses The repeated process causes the soft rock to retreat

Formation - Outputs When the soft rocks retreat, the resistant rocks are exposed to form headlands Headlands are subjected to erosion by wave refraction to form coastal landforms. They are caves, arches, stacks then stumps These stumps are eventually eroded too, which results in the retreat of the headland

Formation - Outputs Bay-head beaches would form as sea deposits materials in the bay This causes the bay to advance These two processes eventually straighten out the coastline, and the whole process repeats

Headlands and bays…

Landforms formed from headlands

WS Activity Number Pad 1 abc 2 def 3 ghi 4 jkl 5 mno 6 pqr 7 stu 8 vwx 9 yz Number Pad