Human Reproductive System Mrs. Degl

Male Reproductive System Mrs. Degl

Sperm Formation MEIOSIS forms sperm Sperm forms in testes Scrotum keeps cooler than rest Semen is sperm plus protecting fluid Semen leaves testes through the vas deferens (sperm ducts) to the urethra before it exits. Mrs. Degl

Secondary Sexual Characteristics - Male Produced by testosterone Deeper voice Chest and facial hair Lengthening of bones Increased size of testes for sperm production Mrs. Degl

Female Reproductive System Mrs. Degl

Ovum Formation MEIOSIS forms the eggs (ova) Eggs are formed before birth 1 egg per month is matured and released from ovaries, most of the time Eggs travel through the fallopian tube where they may become fertilized. Mrs. Degl

Secondary Sexual Characteristics - Female Induced by increased… - LH- triggers ovulation - FSH- Helps control menstrual cycle - Estrogen-Primary sex hormone, crucial for female characteristics and reproductive health. - Progesterone- Primary hormone in pregnancy. Mrs. Degl

How do hormones work? Cross cell membrane via diffusion. Attach to receptor cells Particular genes and/or processes are triggered Mrs. Degl

When can a woman get pregnant? Woman are most fertile during ovulation. Ovulation refers to the time that an egg is released from the ovaries. This usually occurs 10-14 days prior to menstruation. Things such as diet, stress, excessive exercise and illness can all impact the timing of ovulation. Mrs. Degl

Fertilization Occurs in upper 1/3 of Fallopian tube Only 1 sperm can fertilize an egg Fertilized egg = zygote An average woman is pregnant for 9 months. Mrs. Degl

Implantation Fertilized eggs are implanted into thick walls of uterus Embryonic sac forms Zygote grows into an embryo Embryo gets oxygen and nutrients via diffusion through the umbilical cord Mom and Baby DO NOT share a blood supply. Mrs. Degl

1st Trimester = 1st 12 weeks Heart develops first Spine Fuses (folic acid) All body systems appear by Week 8 – Now a Fetus Mrs. Degl

Mrs. Degl

2nd Trimester = up to 24 weeks Most growth occurs Looks more like a baby Some premature babies survive at this stage

3rd Trimester = Up to 40 weeks More growth Kicking, rolling, stretching Eyes open – Week 32 Lungs mature Rotates to head-down position, unless baby is breech

Birth Labor Uterine contractions begin Cervix dilates to 10 cm. Birth Uterus pushes baby through vaginal canal Placenta delivered after baby Cesarean Section (c-section) is a surgery that cuts through the uterus to deliver the baby if it cannot be born vaginally

Twins

How to prevent unplanned pregnancy 1. Don’t have sex If you choose to have sex… 2. Be informed about various types of birth control available. Know their effectiveness, pros and cons. pill, depo shot, Nuva Ring, diaphragm, IUD, female condom, male condom, patch, implant. Have a plan BEFORE you become sexually active. There is no one-size fits all birth control method

How to prevent unplanned pregnancy 3. Don’t believe the myths – woman can get pregnant outside the “normal” ovulation time “pulling-out” is not a guarantee Women can get pregnant the first time you have sex. It is possible to get pregnant while on your period. It is possible to have your period while you are pregnant. The morning after pill does not induce abortion - Plan B is available to women ages 17 and up, over the counter 

How to prevent unplanned pregnancy 4. Get answers from reliable sources Best source – Health care professional 5. Discuss safe sex and the potential for pregancy with your partner.

gentlemen Be prepared – have condoms on hand. Keep your stash fresh – don’t use a condom that has been in your wallet for months on end. Condoms have expiration dates!!! Be honest – If you make a mistake, tell your partner. ie. The condom broke, I didn’t pull out in time… Condoms are made of latex, there are non-latex condoms if you have a latex allergy. Mrs. Degl