SSA 2016 REVIEW NATURE OF SCIENCE

VARIABLES Lindsey wanted to determine how the temperature of the water in her swimming pool changed throughout the year. She took measurements and made this graph, below. What was the independent variable? The dependent variable? Explain how you know this.

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Review the graph. What is the independent variable here? How do you know?

WHAT’S THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE? Define the term and explain what the Independent variable is in this data chart.

OF THE 4 GROUPS LISTED, WHICH GROUP SHOWED GREATEST GAIN IN GROWTH OF THE 4 GROUPS LISTED, WHICH GROUP SHOWED GREATEST GAIN IN GROWTH? NOW, IDENTIFY THE CONTROL, INDEPENDENT VARIABLE, DEPENDENT VARIABLE.

EVIDENCE, DATA, AND CONCLUSIONS REVIEW THE DATA TABLE, BELOW EVIDENCE, DATA, AND CONCLUSIONS REVIEW THE DATA TABLE, BELOW. WHAT IS ONE CONCLUSION THAT YOU CAN MAKE? WHAT EVIDENCE SUPPORTS YOUR CONCLUSION? WHAT OTHER EVIDENCE WOULD YOU LIKE TO HAVE?

READING DATA CHARTS A STUDENT RODE A BICYCLE. REVIEW THE DATA CHART READING DATA CHARTS A STUDENT RODE A BICYCLE. REVIEW THE DATA CHART. HOW MUCH DISTANCE DID THE STUDENT TRAVEL AFTER 15 MINUTES HAD PASSED? 25 MINUTES?

WHICH IS THE “X” AXIS? THE “Y”? WHAT INFORMATION IS PLACED ON EACH AXIS?

EXPERIMENT VS. INVESTIGATION Melanie and Brody want to find out whether wooden bats or metal bats allow baseballs to travel farther. Melanie asks five different people to hit ten balls with each type of bat and she measures the distance each ball travels. Brody researches the physical properties of the pine wood and the aluminum metal and then estimates the possible distance a ball could travel with a given force. Which student conducted an experiment and which conducted an investigation? Explain your answer!

HYPOTHESES Jamal wants to keep squirrels from eating the bird feed he puts out for the birds in his yard. He decides to conduct an experiment to see which types of feed the squirrels seem to prefer. Based on his observations, he hypothesizes that the squirrels prefer when berries are in the feed. Why was it important for Jamal to generate a hypothesis before starting his experiment? What is his hypothesis based on?

Hannah is driving a car up a hill Hannah is driving a car up a hill. She observes that the car tends to slow down if she does not press down on the accelerator. Hannah suggests that friction between the car and the road is causing the car to slow down. How would scientists characterize Hannah’s suggestion? A. Intuition B. An observation C. a theory D. a hypothesis

HYPOTHESIZE A scientist watched a desert lizard stand in the rain. The lizard spread its legs out and stretched its body out long. It held its head and tail down and opened and closed its mouth in a rhythmic way. The scientist dropped colored water on the lizard’s back and watched it move through channels towards the lizard’s head. The scientist thought that the lizard might be using its body to catch rain water to drink. To test her idea, she captured several lizards and dripped rainwater on them while observing that the lizards always repeated their behaviors with their body. Based on her experiment and after she had observed the lizard in the desert, what can you infer the scientist’s hypothesis was? A. Lizards like water. B. Water can run along a lizard’s back. C. Lizards can survive in the desert. D. Lizards use their bodies to catch water to drink.

REPLICATION VS REPETITION Elizabeth conducted an experiment to determine which toy car would travel the fastest down a ramp. She sent three different toy cars down a ramp five times each and recorded the time it took for the car to reach the bottom of the ramp. Elizabeth reported to her class that the smallest car had the greatest speed. After hearing Elizabeth’s results, her classmate Kelley wanted to conduct the same experiment because she felt the results might be inaccurate. Kelley followed Elizabeth’s exact procedures to conduct her own experiment. Which underlined sentence above is an example of replication and which is an example of repetition? Why are both activities important for science experimentation?

A cell phone company tested its phones for safe levels of radiation A cell phone company tested its phones for safe levels of radiation. They repeated the test 850 times. Which of the following statements explains why the results can be described as “repeated” but not replicated? A. The company is only repeating a part of the test. B. The company repeated the test too many times for it to be valid. C. they company did not obtain the same results each time. D. The results have not been replicated by independent researchers.

TREY’S PROJECT Trey wanted to see if bean plants would grow taller if given fertilizer. He planted one seed in each of five cups. Each cup had the same amount of soil. He placed the cups on a a sunny windowsill. He gave each cup 10 mL of water daily. After a week, he added fertilizer. Cup 1 got 1 drop of fertilizer, cup 2 got 2 drops, cup 3 received 3 drops, cup 4 got 4 drops. Cup 5 did not get any fertilizer. One week later, Trey repeated the process of adding fertilizer. He measured the plants each week and kept data. At the end of the three weeks, he analyzed his data and came to a conclusion, based on the data. Then he repeated all of the steps again, this time using a darkened area of a room to check his plants. What is the independent variable? Dependent variable? What is the control(s)? Is there replication or repetition shown?

HMMMMM…..

SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE IS DURABLE BECAUSE IT IS OPEN TO CHANGE AS NEW EVIDENCE OR INTERPRETATIONS ARE ENCOUNTERED… How has The Atomic Theory has been revised over time? How did the changes support the idea that scientific knowledge is durable?

Matter cannot be created or destroyed. THEORY OR LAW? WHICH STATEMENT BELOW IS A THEORY AND WHICH IS A LAW? EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER FULLY. All living things are made of cells, cells and cells come from pre-existing cells. Matter cannot be created or destroyed.