CITING SOURCES MLA STYLE

Why Cite Sources? To avoid plagiarism To credit the source with the original idea or information To lend credibility and authority to a thesis To back up ideas with credible illustrations, known facts, and accepted statistics

Plagiarism Plagiarism is a crime – it is the the theft of someone’s else’s words, ideas, or research. If you commit plagiarism, you can fail a course, be expelled from college, lose your job. The easiest route to plagiarism today is cutting and pasting from the internet.

Avoid Plagiarism Introduce any material you have borrowed from another source with a signal phrase that mentions the author (or if there is no author, the title ) of the source. Put in quotation marks, any phrase or sentence(s) you have borrowed from the source. ANY PHRASES OR SENTENCES QUOTED EXACTLY AND NOT IN QUOTATION MARKS OR INDENTED ARE PLAGIARIZED.

THERE IS -0- TOLERANCE FOR PLAGIARISM

What Needs To Be Cited? Quotations Paraphrased ideas Summarized information Facts Statistics Studies When in doubt, acknowledge the source of the information

Ways To Cite Sources Include: Quotation Paraphrase Summary

Parenthetical Citation The parenthetical citation must match the first word of the Works Cited citation -- usually the author’s last name -- and must include the page number of the quote, if taken from a paginated text: (Bragg 123). Bragg, Rick. “Country Club Meets the Enemy: Country Music and Pigs.” 1999. Rpt. Somebody Told Me: The Newspaper Stories of Rick Bragg. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, 2000. 123-25. Print.

Quotation In a quotation, the exact words of the source are quoted in quotation marks. Use single quotation marks for quotes within quotes Introduce the quotation with a signal phrase: Rick Bragg quotes pig farmer, Paul Thompson: In his article about the new Florida meeting the old Florida, Rick Bragg quotes pig farmer, Paul Thompson, “‘Now who,’” Mr. Thompson said, ‘would choose to build a golf course next to a pig farm? Didn’t they read the sign? It says pig farm, not rose garden’” (Bragg 123).

Paraphrase In a paraphrase the writer restates what the author has said in his/her own words. A paraphrase is also introduced with a signal phrase, and the source of the information must be cited: Bragg tells us that the country club has sued Mr. Thompson, not because of the smell, but because of the distraction caused by the country music (Bragg 123).

Remember... All information borrowed from another source must be acknowledged with a parenthetical citation Introduce borrowed information with a signal phrase: According to Alice Ames, ... John Smith says…. Samuel Jones tells us… In a study by Dr. Elizabeth Owens, ...

Bibliographies and Works Cited Lists

What’s the Difference? A Bibliography lists all the sources consulted in research for a specific essay. A Preliminary Bibliography or Working Bibliography lists all the sources the writer thinks s/he will be using in the essay A Works Cited lists all the works actually cited in the text of the essay. Both a Bibliography and Works Cited list are formatted in the same way.

Overall Format The title -- Bibliography or Works Cited -- is centered at the top of the page. It is not underlined, italicized or quoted. It should be the same font size as the rest of the citations. The citation list is double-spaced throughout. The citation list is alphabetized. If there is no author, the citation begins with the title of the work – quoted if an article or poem, underlined or italicized if a book. The first line of each citation is at the margin; subsequent lines should be indented about ten spaces.

Sample Citations: MLA FORMAT

MLA CTATIONS Most citations should contain the following basic information: Author’s name Title of work Publication information Publisher and place published Copyright date

Books Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication. Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. New York: Penguin, 1987. Print. Henley, Patricia. The Hummingbird House. Denver: MacMurray, 1999. Print.

Magazines Cite by listing the article's author, putting the title of the article in quotations marks, and italicizing the periodical title. Follow with the date of publication. Remember to abbreviate the month. The basic format is as follows: Author(s). "Title of Article." Title of Periodical Day Month Year: pages. Medium of publication. Poniewozik, James. "TV Makes a Too-Close Call." Time 20 Nov. 2000: 70-71. Print. Buchman, Dana. "A Special Education." Good Housekeeping Mar. 2006: 143-48. Print.

ELECTRONIC SOURCES Aristotle. Poetics. Trans. S. H. Butcher. The Internet Classics Archive. Web Atomic and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 13 Sept. 2007. Web. 4 Nov. 2008. (URL if you have it!) “Prelude to World War II.” World War II-net. Web. 18 February 2010. <http://www.worldwar-2.net/prelude-to-war/prelude-to-war-index.htm>

A Book author title of book Bragg, Rick. Somebody Told Me: The Newspaper Stories of Rick Bragg. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, 2000. Print. subtitle of book city of publication publisher year of publication medium

Chapter in a Book Bragg, Rick. “Country Club Meets the Enemy: author title of chapter Bragg, Rick. “Country Club Meets the Enemy: Country Music and Pigs.” 1999. Rpt. Somebody Told Me: The Newspaper Stories of Rick Bragg. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, 2000. 123-25. Print. original publication date reprint title of book subtitle of book city publisher year of publication medium inclusive chapter pages

Article in a Multi-Volume Reference Work author title of work Larkin, Joan. "Frontiers of Language: Three Poets." 1974. Exc. in "Audre Lord.” Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 18. Ed. Sharon R. Gunton. Detroit: Gale Research, 1982. 307-08. Print. excerpted title of article title of reference work original date volume editor city publisher year of publication medium inclusive pages of work

Article in a Journal Maxwell, Bill. “Angry Young Man.” Forum: author title of article name of journal Maxwell, Bill. “Angry Young Man.” Forum: The Magazine of the Florida Humanities Council. XXII.2 (Summer 1999): 8-17. Print. volume number date inclusive pages of article medium

Article in a Journal found in an Online Database author title of article Eder, Richard, "The Greatest Woman Poet Since Sappho." Los Angeles Times Book Review 18 Mar. 1990. 3+. Galenet: Literature Resource Center. Web.10 Jan. 2009. name of journal date pages publisher database medium date accessed

Article found on an Internet Site author title of webpage date posted Lu Yanguang. "Madame Li." 1997.  Asia Pac: 100 Celebrated Chinese Women. Trans. Kate Foster. Web. 10 Feb. 2000 < http://www.span.com.au/100women/18.html > . name of website translator medium date accessed URL: web address

Work in an Anthology Whitman, Walt. “O Captain! My Captain!” 1865. author title of work original publication date Whitman, Walt. “O Captain! My Captain!” 1865. Poems*Poets* Poetry: An Introduction and title of book subtitle of book edition editor city Anthology. 2nd ed. Ed. Helen Vendler. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 1995. 331. Print. publisher year of publication medium page of work

Work in a Norton Anthology author title of work original publication date Scott, Sir Walter. "Proud Maisie.“ 1818. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 8th ed.        Eds. Stephen Greenblatt, et. al. 6 vols. New York: W.W. Norton, 2006. D: 410. Print. title of anthology edition editors # of volumes city publisher year vol. page medium

Introduction in a Norton Anthology authors Stillinger, Jack, and Deidre Shauna Lynch. “Sir Walter Scott 1771-1832.” The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 8th ed.        Eds. Stephen Greenblatt, et. al. 6 vols. D: The Romantic Period. New York: W.W. Norton, year pages medium 2006. 406-07. Print. title of work title of anthology edition editors # of volumes volume title of volume city publisher

Bios from Online Sources “Adrienne Rich.” Poet’s Org. 2008. Academy of American Poets. Web. 22 May 2008. “Claude McKay (1889–1948)”. Columbia Granger's World of Poetry Online. 2008. Columbia University Press. Web. 22 May 2008.

Bibliography Bragg, Rick. “Country Club Meets the Enemy: Country Music and Pigs.” 1999. Rpt. Somebody Told Me: The Newspaper Stories of Rick Bragg. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, 2000. 123-25. Print. ______. Somebody Told Me: The Newspaper Stories of Rick Bragg. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, 2000. Print. Eder, Richard, "The Greatest Woman Poet Since Sappho." Los Angeles Times Book Review 18 Mar. 1990. 3+. Galenet: Literature Resource Center. Web. 10 Jan. 2004.

Larkin, Joan. "Frontiers of Language: Three Poets." 1974. Exc. in "Audre Lord.” Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 18. Ed. Sharon R. Gunton. Detroit: Gale Research, 1982. 307-08. Print. Lu Yanguang. "Madame Li." 1997.  Asia Pac: 100 Celebrated Chinese Women. Trans. Kate Foster. Web. 10 Feb. 2000 < http://www.span.com.au/100women/18.html > . Maxwell, Bill. “Angry Young Man.” Forum: The Magazine of the Florida Humanities Council. XXII.2 (Summer 1999): 8-17. Print.

Whitman, Walt. “Osceola.” 1892. Florida in Poetry: A History of the Imagination. Eds. Jane Anderson Jones and Maurice O’Sullivan. Sarasota: Pineapple Press, 1995. 30-31. Print.

REMEMBER… The title -- Bibliography or Works Cited -- is centered at the top of the page. It is not underlined, italicized or quoted. It should be the same font size as the rest of the citations. The citation list is double-spaced throughout. The citation list is alphabetized. If there is no author, the citation begins with the title of the work – quoted if an article or poem, underlined or italicized if a book. The first line of each citation is at the margin; subsequent lines should be indented about ten spaces.