Fostering Innovation through high-technology Entrepreneurship: 02-12-2018 Fostering Innovation through high-technology Entrepreneurship: The role of Individual entrepreneurs in Portugal António Miguel Amaral

Presentation Summary: 02-12-2018 Presentation Summary: 1. Conceptual Framework 2. Research Questions 3. Research Methodology / Methods 4. Expected Results

1. Conceptual Framework Public Policy Context Innovation System 02-12-2018 1. Conceptual Framework Public Policy Context Innovation System High Technology / Knowledge-based Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship in Portugal 02-12-2018 Entrepreneurship in Portugal Source: The Portuguese Entrepreneurship Agency – AGEP (adapted from Flash Eurobarometer nº 134)

Lack of Financial Support 02-12-2018 Entrepreneurship in Portugal Lack of Financial Support Too much bureaucracy 2002 2002 Portugal 84% 86% GR 89% 71% SP 77% 70% IR 73% 67% IT 88% 78% SW 68% 69% EU 76% 69% UK 63% 61% GE 75% 63% FR 82% 78% LU 74% 66% DI 68% 74% BE 74% 75% ÁU 71% 61% HO 58% 56% FI 62% 67% It is difficult to start a business because of : Source: The Portuguese Entrepreneurship Agency – AGEP (adapted from Flash Eurobarometer nº 134)

Entrepreneurship in Portugal 02-12-2018 Entrepreneurship in Portugal If you fail, you should have a 2nd chance You shoudn’t start a business if it is risky 2002 2002 Portugal 82% 53% GR 90% 48% SP 91% 42% IR 92% 27% IT 76% 44% SW 91% 55% EU 84% 46% UK 84% 34% GE 81% 57% FR 89% 42% LU 81% 51% DK 73% 39% BE 87% 50% AU 71% 55% HO 82% 46% FI 89% 44% Source: The Portuguese Entrepreneurship Agency – AGEP (adapted from Flash Eurobarometer nº 134)

Innovation? Productivity? Competitiveness? 02-12-2018 Entrepreneurship in Portugal Innovation? Productivity? Competitiveness? Source: The Boston Consulting Group, “Setting the Phoenix Free - A Report on Entrepreneurial Restarters” 2002

Innovation Systems ENTREPRENEURS (business owners 02-12-2018 Infrastructure Technological Physical Knowledge Institutions Formal rules, national / local Animators Conventions, social capital Incentives Venture Capital Public financial support Specialization& concentration of Firms and knowledge in the center of the cluster Complementary Firms Supporting Firms Innovation Systems ENTREPRENEURS (business owners and start-up founders) as the main unit of analysis Source: Adapted from ERIKSSON, A. (2000), Regional Innovation Systems – from theory to accomplishment), Swedish Office of Science and Technology, Stockholm; and CONCEIÇÃO, P., HEITOR, M. & VELOSO, F. (2003), “Infrastructures, Incentives and Institutions: fostering distributed knowledge bases for the Learning Society”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 70, pp.583-617

02-12-2018 2. Research Questions i) Who are the individual entrepreneurs in Portugal (personal / professional backgrounds)? ii) How entrepreneurs in new technology-based firms interact with other actors (and what is the nature of interaction)? iii) What is the spatial dimension of interaction between entrepreneurs and those actors?

3. Research Methodology / Methods 02-12-2018 3. Research Methodology / Methods i) “WHO”- Statistic/econometric analysis (SISED dataset) on individual entrepreneurs regarding their personal/professional characteristics, backgrounds, career trajectories, past experience and territorial localization. ii) “HOW”- Interviews and documental analysis focusing on both qualitative and quantitative flows between selected high-tech entrepreneurs (in the ICT, biotechnology, energy and multimedia sectors) and other actors in Portugal. Analysis will make use of Software packages (Ucinet, Pajek) designed to map complex social networks. iii) “WHAT”- Theory building drawing on the empirical evidence collected in a) and b). The spatial dimension of networks will be assessed and discussed regarding the concept and boundaries of Innovation Systems in Portugal (its infrastructures, incentives, institutions and individual trajectories).

(software and microelectronics) 02-12-2018 Selected Firms SECTOR FIRM NR. WORKERS YEAR OF ENTRY LOCATION BIOTECH ALFAMA 5 2002 TagusPark - Oeiras ECBIO 1999 IBET/ICG - Oeiras STAB VIDA 10 2000 Oeiras BIOTECNOL 20 1996 TagusPark- Oeiras NEW MEDIA INNOVAGENCY 90 Chiado YDREAMS ? 40 1993 Caparica ICT (software and microelectronics) CHIPIDEA 30 1997 QUADRIGA Miraflores OUTSYSTEMS 2001 Linda-a-Velha ENERGY AOSOL

Entrepreneurs’ Social Networks 02-12-2018 Entrepreneurs’ Social Networks Existence of ties Frequency Intensity Cooperation partners and cooperation arrangements on innovative activities and in R&D. F A D E C B G (suppliers, clients, universities, research centers, individuals, etc)

4. Expected Results Scale? Local Metropolitan Regional National 02-12-2018 4. Expected Results C A Scale? Local Metropolitan Regional National Spatial

02-12-2018 Show what - and how - fields and actors can influence local high-technology entrepreneurship and foster innovation- related activities in Portugal Bring new insight into the conditions under which science, technology and innovation can be best promoted whether at the local, regional or national levels. Lessen evident lack of this sort of academic approaches to entrepreneurship

Fostering Innovation through high-technology Entrepreneurship: 02-12-2018 Fostering Innovation through high-technology Entrepreneurship: The role of Individual entrepreneurs in Portugal